Nathoo Nabeela, Neyal Nur, Kantarci Orhun H, Zeydan Burcu
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Front Glob Womens Health. 2024 Jun 28;5:1412482. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1412482. eCollection 2024.
Clear sex differences are observed in clinical and imaging phenotypes of multiple sclerosis (MS), which evolve significantly over the age spectrum, and more specifically, during reproductive milestones such as pregnancy and menopause. With neuroimaging being an outcome measure and also a key subclinical biomarker of subsequent clinical phenotype in MS, this comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of sex and hormone differences in structural and functional imaging biomarkers of MS, including lesion burden and location, atrophy, white matter integrity, functional connectivity, and iron distribution. Furthermore, how therapies aimed at altering sex hormones can impact imaging of women and men with MS over the lifespan is discussed. This review also explores the key intersection between age, sex, and race/ethnicity in MS, and how this intersection may affect imaging biomarkers of MS.
在多发性硬化症（MS）的临床和影像学表型中观察到明显的性别差异，这些差异在整个年龄范围内，尤其是在怀孕和绝经等生殖阶段会发生显著变化。神经影像学既是MS的一项结果指标，也是后续临床表型的关键亚临床生物标志物，本综述旨在概述MS结构和功能影像学生物标志物中的性别和激素差异，包括病灶负担和位置、萎缩、白质完整性、功能连接和铁分布。此外，还讨论了旨在改变性激素的疗法如何在整个生命周期中影响MS女性和男性的影像学表现。本综述还探讨了MS中年龄、性别和种族/民族之间的关键交叉点，以及这种交叉点可能如何影响MS的影像学生物标志物。
