Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Child and Adult, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2024 Oct;29(5):245-255. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2024.2375281. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
The aim of this article was to discuss all the factors affecting the age at menopause and their correlation with ovarian reserve.
A narrative review of original articles was performed using PubMed until December 2023. The following keywords were used to generate the list of citations: 'menopause', 'ovarian reserve' 'oocytes quality and quantity', 'ovarian ageing'.
Menopause is the final step in the process of ovarian ageing and is influenced by the oocyte pool at birth. Conditions that accelerate follicle depletion during the reproductive lifespan lead to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and premature ovarian failure (POF), while a higher ovarian reserve is associated with a delayed time to menopause. Reproductive history, sociodemographic, lifestyle and iatrogenic factors may impact ovarian reserve and the age at menopause.
Some factors affecting the age at menopause are modifiable and the risks of early menopause may be preventable. We hypothesise that by addressing these modifiable factors we may also preserve ovarian reserve. However, further interventional studies are needed to evaluate the effects of the described strategies on ovarian reserve.
本文旨在讨论影响绝经年龄的所有因素及其与卵巢储备功能的相关性。
对截至 2023 年 12 月的原始文献进行叙述性综述，使用 PubMed 检索。生成引文列表时使用了以下关键词：“menopause”（绝经）、“ovarian reserve”（卵巢储备）、“oocytes quality and quantity”（卵子质量和数量）、“ovarian ageing”（卵巢衰老）。
绝经是卵巢衰老过程的最后一步，受出生时卵子池的影响。在生殖期内加速卵泡耗竭的情况会导致卵巢早衰（POI）和卵巢早衰（POF），而较高的卵巢储备与绝经时间延迟有关。生育史、社会人口统计学、生活方式和医源性因素可能影响卵巢储备和绝经年龄。
一些影响绝经年龄的因素是可以改变的，早期绝经的风险可能是可以预防的。我们假设，通过解决这些可改变的因素，我们也可能保留卵巢储备。然而，需要进一步的干预性研究来评估所描述策略对卵巢储备的影响。
