Yang Yilin, Yang Yehuan, Yong Zhenghua, Yang Li, Zhao Yanxia, Yan Mengke, Zheng Ruimin, Luo Xiaomin
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100000, China.
National Center for Women and Children's Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100000, China.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 20;17(2):356. doi: 10.3390/nu17020356.
To investigate the relationship between protein-rich foods, various nutritional supplements, and age of natural menopause and its symptoms.
This study was a large-scale cross-sectional survey. A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample of 52,347 residents aged 35-60 years from 26 districts/counties across 13 cities in 12 provinces in China. The mean natural menopause age was represented by the average and median, and logistic regression models were employed to examine the relationship between the intake of protein-rich foods, use of nutritional supplements, and natural menopause age as well as menopausal symptoms.
The average natural menopause age of the study population was 49.46 (±3.22) years, with a median age of 50 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that with increasing frequency of fish consumption, the natural menopause age was delayed and the severity of menopausal symptoms gradually decreased, especially in relation to physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and urogenital symptoms, which showed significant negative correlations. Milk and soy products were significantly negatively correlated with various dimensions of menopausal symptoms. Calcium and iron supplements were significantly positively correlated with the severity of menopause symptoms. Subgroup analysis by different age groups and premenopausal versus postmenopausal status showed minimal impact on the study results. In the population with BMI ≥ 18.5, fish consumption was significantly negatively correlated with menopausal symptoms. In the population with BMI between 18.5 and 27.9, milk consumption was significantly negatively correlated with menopausal symptoms. In all the populations, soy product consumption was significantly negatively correlated with menopausal symptoms.
The intake of fish, milk, and soy products plays a role in alleviating the severity of menopausal symptoms, particularly in delaying natural menopause, with the effect of fish intake being especially significant. Calcium and iron supplements may play a role in exacerbating the severity of menopausal symptoms.
探讨富含蛋白质的食物、各种营养补充剂与自然绝经年龄及其症状之间的关系。
本研究为大规模横断面调查。采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法，从中国12个省份13个城市的26个区/县中选取了52347名年龄在35 - 60岁的居民作为样本。用平均值和中位数表示自然绝经平均年龄，并采用逻辑回归模型来研究富含蛋白质食物的摄入量、营养补充剂的使用与自然绝经年龄以及绝经症状之间的关系。
研究人群的自然绝经平均年龄为49.46（±3.22）岁，中位数年龄为50岁。逻辑回归分析显示，随着鱼类消费频率的增加，自然绝经年龄延迟，绝经症状的严重程度逐渐降低，尤其是在身体症状、心理症状和泌尿生殖系统症状方面，呈现出显著的负相关。牛奶和豆制品与绝经症状的各个维度均呈显著负相关。钙和铁补充剂与绝经症状的严重程度呈显著正相关。按不同年龄组以及绝经前与绝经后状态进行的亚组分析对研究结果影响极小。在BMI≥18.5的人群中，鱼类消费与绝经症状呈显著负相关。在BMI在18.5至27.9之间的人群中，牛奶消费与绝经症状呈显著负相关。在所有人群中，豆制品消费与绝经症状呈显著负相关。
鱼类、牛奶和豆制品的摄入在减轻绝经症状的严重程度方面发挥作用，特别是在延迟自然绝经方面，鱼类摄入的效果尤为显著。钙和铁补充剂可能在加剧绝经症状的严重程度方面起作用。
