Lohnas Lynn J, Howard Marc W
Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Cogn Emot. 2025 Feb;39(1):18-46. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2371075. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
Temporal context models (TCMs) have been influential in understanding episodic memory and its neural underpinnings. Recently, TCMs have been extended to explain emotional memory effects, one of the most clinically important findings in the field of memory research. This review covers recent advances in hypotheses for the neural representation of spatiotemporal context through the lens of TCMs, including their ability to explain the influence of emotion on episodic and temporal memory. In recent years, simplifying assumptions of "classical" TCMs - with exponential trace decay and the mechanism by which temporal context is recovered - have become increasingly clear. The review also outlines how recent advances could be incorporated into a future TCM, beyond classical assumptions, to integrate emotional modulation.
时间背景模型（TCMs）在理解情景记忆及其神经基础方面具有重要影响。最近，TCMs已被扩展以解释情绪记忆效应，这是记忆研究领域中临床上最重要的发现之一。本综述通过TCMs的视角涵盖了时空背景神经表征假设的最新进展，包括它们解释情绪对情景记忆和时间记忆影响的能力。近年来，“经典”TCMs的简化假设——具有指数痕迹衰减以及时间背景恢复的机制——已变得越来越清晰。该综述还概述了最近的进展如何能够超越经典假设被纳入未来的TCM中，以整合情绪调节。
