College of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2024 Jul 15;40(9):268. doi: 10.1007/s11274-024-04065-0.
Bacillus subtilis is a widespread Gram-positive facultative aerobic bacterium that is recognized as generally safe. It has shown significant application value and great development potential in the animal farming industry. As a probiotic, it is frequently used as a feed growth supplement to effectively replace antibiotics due to its favourable effects on regulating the intestinal flora, improving intestinal immunity, inhibiting harmful microorganisms, and secreting bioactive substances. Consequently, the gut health and disease resistance of farmed animals can be improved. Both vegetative and spore forms of B. subtilis have also been utilized as vaccine carriers for delivering the antigens of infectious pathogens for over a decade. Notably, its spore form is regarded as one of the most prospective for displaying heterologous antigens with high activity and stability. Previously published reviews have predominantly focused on the development and applications of B. subtilis spore surface display techniques. However, this review aims to summarize recent studies highlighting the important role of B. subtilis as a probiotic and vaccine carrier in maintaining animal health. Specifically, we focus on the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of B. subtilis in enhancing disease resistance among farmed animals as well as its potential application as mucosal vaccine carriers. It is anticipated that B. subtilis will assume an even more prominent role in promoting animal health with in-depth research on its characteristics and genetic manipulation tools.
枯草芽孢杆菌是一种广泛分布的革兰氏阳性兼性需氧细菌，被认为是普遍安全的。它在动物养殖行业中表现出显著的应用价值和巨大的发展潜力。作为一种益生菌，它常被用作饲料生长添加剂，由于其对调节肠道菌群、提高肠道免疫力、抑制有害微生物和分泌生物活性物质的有益作用，有效替代了抗生素。因此，可以改善养殖动物的肠道健康和疾病抵抗力。枯草芽孢杆菌的营养体和孢子形式也已被用作疫苗载体十余年，用于传递传染性病原体的抗原。值得注意的是，其孢子形式被认为是展示具有高活性和稳定性的异源抗原的最有前景的形式之一。以前发表的综述主要集中在枯草芽孢杆菌孢子表面展示技术的开发和应用上。然而，本综述旨在总结枯草芽孢杆菌作为益生菌和疫苗载体在维持动物健康方面的最新研究，重点介绍枯草芽孢杆菌增强养殖动物疾病抵抗力的有益作用和潜在机制，以及其作为粘膜疫苗载体的潜在应用。随着对其特性和遗传操作工具的深入研究，预计枯草芽孢杆菌在促进动物健康方面将发挥更重要的作用。
