Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;277(Pt 1):133867. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133867. Epub 2024 Jul 14.
Viral infections are caused by the adhesion of viruses to host cell receptors, including sialylated glycans, glycosaminoglycans, and human blood group antigens (HBGAs). Atomic-level structural information on the interactions between viral particles or proteins with glycans can be determined to provide precise targets for designing antiviral drugs. Milk glycans, existing as free oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates, have attracted increasing attention; milk glycans protect infants against infectious diseases, particularly poorly manageable viral infections. Furthermore, several glycans containing structurally distinct sialic acid/fucose/sulfate modifications in human milk acting as a "receptor decoy" and serving as the natural antiviral library, could interrupt virus-receptor interaction in the first line of defense for viral infection. This review highlights the basis of virus-glycan interactions, presents specific glycan receptor binding by gastroenterovirus viruses, including norovirus, enteroviruses, and the breakthroughs in the studies on the antiviral properties of human milk glycans, and also elucidates the role of glycans in respiratory viruses infection. In addition, recent advances in methods for performing virus/viral protein-glycan interactions were reported. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of the studies on the clinical application of human milk glycan for viral interventions.
病毒感染是由病毒与宿主细胞受体的黏附引起的，这些受体包括唾液酸化聚糖、糖胺聚糖和人类血型抗原（HBGAs）。可以确定病毒颗粒或蛋白质与聚糖之间相互作用的原子水平结构信息，为设计抗病毒药物提供精确的靶点。牛奶聚糖作为游离寡糖或糖缀合物，正受到越来越多的关注；牛奶聚糖可保护婴儿免受传染病的侵害，尤其是难以控制的病毒性感染。此外，人乳中存在几种具有结构上不同的唾液酸/岩藻糖/硫酸盐修饰的聚糖，作为“受体诱饵”，充当天然抗病毒库，可在病毒感染的第一道防线中阻断病毒-受体相互作用。本文重点介绍了病毒-聚糖相互作用的基础，介绍了肠道病毒病毒（包括诺如病毒、肠病毒）中特定聚糖受体的结合，以及在人乳聚糖抗病毒特性研究方面的突破，并阐明了聚糖在呼吸道病毒感染中的作用。此外，还报告了用于研究病毒/病毒蛋白-聚糖相互作用的方法的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了人乳聚糖在病毒干预中的临床应用研究的前景和挑战。
