Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Immunol Cell Biol. 2024 Sep;102(8):692-701. doi: 10.1111/imcb.12801. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
Diversity is the cornerstone of the adaptive immune system, crucial for its effectiveness against constantly evolving pathogens that pose threats to higher vertebrates. Accurately measuring and interpreting this diversity presents challenges for immunologists, as changes in diversity and clonotype composition can tip the balance between protective immunity and autoimmunity. In this review, we present the current methods commonly used to measure diversity from single-cell T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor sequencing. We also discuss two case studies where single-cell sequencing and diversity estimations have led to breakthroughs in autoimmune disease discovery and therapeutic innovation, and reflect upon the necessity and importance of accurately defining and measuring lymphocyte diversity in these contexts.
多样性是适应性免疫系统的基石，对于对抗不断进化的威胁高等脊椎动物的病原体至关重要。准确测量和解释这种多样性对免疫学家来说是一个挑战，因为多样性和克隆型组成的变化可能会打破保护性免疫和自身免疫之间的平衡。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了目前常用的从单细胞 T 细胞受体和 B 细胞受体测序中测量多样性的方法。我们还讨论了两个单细胞测序和多样性估计在自身免疫性疾病发现和治疗创新方面取得突破的案例研究，并思考了在这些情况下准确定义和测量淋巴细胞多样性的必要性和重要性。
