Sievers Benjamin L, Hyder Sudipta, Claes Filip, Karlsson Erik A
Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia.
Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
One Health. 2024 Feb 29;18:100696. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100696. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is a One Health interface intersecting human, animal, and environmental health. This complexity creates a potential for zoonotic transmission between diverse reservoirs. Bats harbor viruses like Nipah; mosquitoes transmit arboviruses; rodents spread hantaviruses. Domestic animals- including pigs with influenza and dogs with rabies and aquatic animals can also transmit pathogens. Climate change and urbanization may further disrupt rice agro-ecologies. This paper explores animal viral reservoirs, vectors, and historical practices associated with risk in rice farming. Climate and land use changes could enhance spillover. Solutions are proposed, including surveillance of animals, vectors, water, and air to detect threats before major outbreaks, such as improved biosecurity, hygiene, and livestock vaccinations. Ecological viral surveillance and agricultural interventions together can reduce zoonotic transmission from rice farming.
东南亚的水稻种植是一个涉及人类、动物和环境健康的“同一健康”交叉领域。这种复杂性为不同宿主之间的人畜共患病传播创造了可能性。蝙蝠携带尼帕病毒等病毒；蚊子传播虫媒病毒；啮齿动物传播汉坦病毒。家畜——包括感染流感的猪、感染狂犬病的狗以及水生动物——也能传播病原体。气候变化和城市化可能会进一步扰乱水稻农业生态。本文探讨了与水稻种植风险相关的动物病毒宿主、传播媒介及历史做法。气候和土地利用变化可能会增加病毒外溢风险。文中提出了一些解决方案，包括对动物、传播媒介、水和空气进行监测，以便在重大疫情爆发前发现威胁，如加强生物安全、卫生和牲畜疫苗接种。生态病毒监测和农业干预措施共同作用，可以减少水稻种植中的人畜共患病传播。
