Sievers Benjamin L, Siegers Jurre Y, Cadènes Jimmy M, Hyder Sudipta, Sparaciari Frida E, Claes Filip, Firth Cadhla, Horwood Paul F, Karlsson Erik A
Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
J Virol. 2024 Feb 20;98(2):e0168323. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01683-23. Epub 2024 Jan 16.
Emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases continue to threaten human and animal health, our social fabric, and the global economy. Zoonoses frequently emerge from congregate interfaces where multiple animal species and humans coexist, including farms and markets. Traditional food markets are widespread across the globe and create an interface where domestic and wild animals interact among themselves and with humans, increasing the risk of pathogen spillover. Despite decades of evidence linking markets to disease outbreaks across the world, there remains a striking lack of pathogen surveillance programs that can relay timely, cost-effective, and actionable information to decision-makers to protect human and animal health. However, the strategic incorporation of environmental surveillance systems in markets coupled with novel pathogen detection strategies can create an early warning system capable of alerting us to the risk of outbreaks before they happen. Here, we explore the concept of "smart" markets that utilize continuous surveillance systems to monitor the emergence of zoonotic pathogens with spillover potential.IMPORTANCEFast detection and rapid intervention are crucial to mitigate risks of pathogen emergence, spillover and spread-every second counts. However, comprehensive, active, longitudinal surveillance systems at high-risk interfaces that provide real-time data for action remain lacking. This paper proposes "smart market" systems harnessing cutting-edge tools and a range of sampling techniques, including wastewater and air collection, multiplex assays, and metagenomic sequencing. Coupled with robust response pathways, these systems could better enable Early Warning and bolster prevention efforts.
新出现的和地方性人畜共患病继续威胁着人类和动物健康、我们的社会结构以及全球经济。人畜共患病常常出现在多种动物物种与人类共存的聚集界面，包括农场和市场。传统食品市场遍布全球，形成了一个界面，使家畜和野生动物之间以及它们与人类之间相互作用，增加了病原体溢出的风险。尽管数十年来有证据表明市场与世界各地的疾病暴发有关，但仍然明显缺乏能够及时、经济高效地向决策者传递可采取行动的信息以保护人类和动物健康的病原体监测计划。然而，在市场中战略性地纳入环境监测系统并结合新型病原体检测策略，可以创建一个能够在疫情暴发之前提醒我们注意风险的预警系统。在此，我们探讨“智能”市场的概念，即利用连续监测系统来监测具有溢出潜力的人畜共患病原体的出现。
重要性
快速检测和迅速干预对于降低病原体出现、溢出和传播的风险至关重要——分秒必争。然而，在高风险界面缺乏能够提供实时行动数据的全面、主动、纵向监测系统。本文提出利用前沿工具和一系列采样技术的“智能市场”系统，包括废水和空气采集、多重检测以及宏基因组测序。再加上强有力的应对途径，这些系统能够更好地实现早期预警并加强预防工作。
