与精英运动员相比，次精英运动员患饮食失调、运动成瘾、抑郁和低能量可利用性的风险更高吗？

Are Sub-elite Athletes at Higher Risk of Eating Disorders, Exercise Addiction, Depression, and Low Energy Availability Compared With Elite Athletes?

作者信息

Lichtenstein Mia Beck, Hertz Søren Peter Thygesen, Johansen Karen Krogh, Rytter Josefine, Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn, Torstveit Monica Klungland, Holm Lars, Melin Anna K

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.

Centre for Digital Psychiatry, Odense, Denmark.

出版信息

Clin J Sport Med. 2024 Nov 1;34(6):572-577. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000001257. Epub 2024 Jul 16.

DOI:10.1097/JSM.0000000000001257

PMID:39012244

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this study was to investigate the risk of eating disorders, exercise addiction, depression, and low energy availability (LEA) in Danish female and male elite compared with sub-elite athletes.

DESIGN

A cross-sectional study.

SETTING

An online survey.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 410 elite athletes (mean age 20.1 years, 51% females) and 206 sub-elite athletes (mean age 21.3 years, 52% females) from 15 different sports.Assessment of Risk Factors: Eating Disorders, exercise addiction, depression, and LEA.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

The Sick Control, One Stone (6.5 kg), Fat, Food, the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, the Major Depression Inventory, and the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire or the Low Energy Availability in Males Questionnaire.

RESULTS

We found that more female sub-elite athletes compared with elite athletes had risk of eating disorders (EDs) (37.4% vs 23.4%; P < 0.012) and the same was found for males (23.2% vs 10.4%; P = 0.005). More athletes with risk of EDs had risk of exercise addiction (12.8 vs 5.4%, P = 0.006), depression (27.3 vs 4.2%, P < 0.001), and LEA (females 55.1 vs 40.7%, P = 0.024, and males 29.4 vs 13.7%, P = 0.036, respectively) compared with athletes without risk of EDs.

CONCLUSIONS

Sub-elite athletes have a higher risk of eating disorders compared with elite athletes. Regular screening of ED symptoms and associated conditions in elite and especially sub-elite athletes may ensure early identification.

摘要

目的

本研究的主要目的是调查与次精英运动员相比，丹麦男女精英运动员饮食失调、运动成瘾、抑郁和低能量可用性（LEA）的风险。

设计

横断面研究。

设置

在线调查。

参与者

来自15项不同运动项目的410名精英运动员（平均年龄20.1岁，51%为女性）和206名次精英运动员（平均年龄21.3岁，52%为女性）。风险因素评估：饮食失调、运动成瘾、抑郁和LEA。

主要观察指标

疾病控制、单石（6.5千克）、脂肪、食物、饮食失调检查问卷、运动成瘾量表、重度抑郁量表以及女性低能量可用性问卷或男性低能量可用性问卷。

结果

我们发现，与精英运动员相比，更多的次精英女性运动员存在饮食失调（EDs）风险（37.4%对23.4%；P<0.012），男性情况相同（23.2%对10.4%；P = 0.005）。与无EDs风险的运动员相比，更多有EDs风险的运动员存在运动成瘾风险（12.8%对5.4%，P = 0.006）、抑郁风险（27.3%对4.2%，P<0.001）和LEA风险（女性分别为55.¹%对40.7%，P = 0.024，男性为29.4%对13.7%，P = 0.036）。