Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2024 Jul 16;12(4):e004130. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004130.
The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) Study is an ongoing Australian prospective cohort study investigating how modifiable prenatal and early-life exposures drive the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children. In this profile, we describe the cohort's parental demographics, maternal and neonatal outcomes and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes.
Inclusion criteria were an unborn child, or infant aged less than 6 months, with a first-degree relative (FDR) with T1D. The primary outcome was persistent islet autoimmunity, with children followed until a T1D diagnosis or 10 years of age. Demographic data were collected at enrollment. Lifestyle, clinical and anthropometric data were collected at each visit during pregnancy and clinical pregnancy and birth data were verified against medical case notes. Data were compared between mothers with and without T1D. HLA genotyping was performed on the ENDIA child and all available FDRs.
The final cohort comprised 1473 infants born to 1214 gestational mothers across 1453 pregnancies, with 80% enrolled during pregnancy. The distribution of familial T1D probands was 62% maternal, 28% paternal and 11% sibling. The frequency of high-risk HLA genotypes was highest in T1D probands, followed by ENDIA infants, and lowest among unaffected family members. Mothers with T1D had higher rates of pregnancy complications and perinatal intervention, and larger babies of shorter gestation. Parent demographics were comparable to the Australian population for age, parity and obesity. A greater percentage of ENDIA parents were Australian born, lived in a major city and had higher socioeconomic advantage and education.
This comprehensive profile provides the context for understanding ENDIA's scope, methodology, unique strengths and limitations. Now fully recruited, ENDIA will provide unique insights into the roles of early-life factors in the development of islet autoimmunity and T1D in the Australian environment.
ACTRN12613000794707.
胰岛自身免疫环境决定因素（ENDIA）研究是一项正在进行的澳大利亚前瞻性队列研究，旨在研究可改变的产前和生命早期暴露如何驱动儿童胰岛自身免疫和 1 型糖尿病（T1D）的发展。在本简介中，我们描述了该队列的父母人口统计学、产妇和新生儿结局以及人类白细胞抗原（HLA）基因型。
纳入标准为有一级亲属（FDR）患有 1 型糖尿病的未出生的胎儿或年龄小于 6 个月的婴儿。主要结局是持续的胰岛自身免疫，儿童将一直随访至 T1D 诊断或 10 岁。在入组时收集人口统计学数据。在每次妊娠和临床妊娠期间以及妊娠和出生数据均与医疗病历核对后进行生活方式、临床和人体测量学数据收集。比较了有和没有 T1D 的母亲之间的数据。对 ENDIA 儿童及其所有可用 FDR 进行 HLA 基因分型。
最终队列包括来自 1453 次妊娠的 1214 位妊娠母亲的 1473 名婴儿，其中 80%在妊娠期间入组。家族性 1 型糖尿病先证者的分布为 62%为母系，28%为父系，11%为同胞。高危 HLA 基因型的频率在 1 型糖尿病先证者中最高，其次是 ENDIA 婴儿，在未受影响的家庭成员中最低。患有 T1D 的母亲妊娠并发症和围产期干预的发生率更高，婴儿更大，胎龄更短。父母的人口统计学与澳大利亚的年龄、产次和肥胖率相当。更多的 ENDIA 父母为澳大利亚出生，居住在主要城市，社会经济地位更高，教育程度更高。
本综合简介为了解 ENDIA 的范围、方法、独特优势和局限性提供了背景。该研究现在已全部招募完毕，将为了解澳大利亚环境中早期因素在胰岛自身免疫和 1 型糖尿病发展中的作用提供独特的见解。
ACTRN12613000794707。
