Vilalta Doñate Elena, García Fernández Francisca, Martínez Meléndez Salvador, Castillo Castillo Consuelo, Salas Medina Pablo, Almodóvar Fernández Isabel
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Vascular, Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, España.
Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera y Angiología y Cirugía Vascular, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, España.
Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2025 Mar-Apr;37(2):100726. doi: 10.1016/j.arteri.2024.06.002. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Dietmed) exerts protective effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) there are fewer studies that analyze these data.
To determine adherence to Dietmed and dietary habits in patients with PAD, according to a history of CVD (coronary and/or cerebral ischaemic pathology) and according to the ankle-brachial index (ABI ≥ or <0,5).
Cross-sectional analytical study carried out in a tertiary hospital. The sample was collected consecutively. Sociodemographic and clinical history, ankle-brachial index (ABI) and a 14-point Dietmed adherence dietary questionnaire were included. The analysis of categorical variables was carried out using the Pearson's Chi-Square test, the T-Student's statistic test for independent samples was used for parametric variables and the U. Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric variables.
Of the 97 patients, 87,6% had low adherence to Dietmed, with no differences according to the severity of PAD. However, when we analysed the data according to whether or not they had a history of CVD, we observed a high adherence to some items included in Dietmed, specifically, in the CVD group, the consumption of lean meat (95,5% vs 64%; P=.004). In addition, we observed a significant difference in the consumption in the group without a history of CVD (32% vs 9,1%; P=.033).
In our population, patients with PAD, regardless of the stage of the disease and whether they had associated coronary or cerebral ischaemic pathology, had low adherence to Dietmed. Therefore, it is important to implement nutritional education programmes in patients with PAD in all stages, as well as in those patients who have already suffered a vascular event, so that they maintain adherence to healthy dietary habits in the long term.
坚持地中海饮食对心血管疾病（CVD）具有保护作用。在下肢外周动脉疾病（PAD）方面，分析这些数据的研究较少。
根据心血管疾病病史（冠状动脉和/或脑缺血性病变）以及踝臂指数（ABI≥或<0.5），确定PAD患者对地中海饮食的依从性和饮食习惯。
在一家三级医院进行横断面分析研究。连续收集样本。纳入社会人口统计学和临床病史、踝臂指数（ABI）以及一份14项地中海饮食依从性饮食问卷。分类变量分析采用Pearson卡方检验，参数变量采用独立样本T检验，非参数变量采用U. Mann-Whitney检验。
在97例患者中，87.6%对地中海饮食的依从性较低，且与PAD的严重程度无关。然而，当我们根据是否有心血管疾病病史分析数据时，我们观察到对地中海饮食中某些项目的高依从性，具体而言，在心血管疾病组中，瘦肉的摄入量（95.5%对64%；P = 0.004）较高。此外，我们观察到无心血管疾病病史组的摄入量存在显著差异（32%对9.1%；P = 0.033）。
在我们的研究人群中，PAD患者无论疾病阶段以及是否伴有冠状动脉或脑缺血性病变，对地中海饮食的依从性都较低。因此，对所有阶段的PAD患者以及已经发生血管事件的患者实施营养教育计划非常重要，以便他们长期保持对健康饮食习惯的依从性。
