Hu Zhigang, Jia Dongyi, Qiao Xianling, Zhang Nan
College of Design and Art, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
School of Art and Design, Shaanxi Fashion Engineering University, Xianyang, 712046, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 16;14(1):16381. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67406-x.
User requirements serve as the primary reference content in product design. The effective capture of crucial user requirements, followed by the development of a product technical solution aligned with these requirements, stands as a pivotal approach to enhancing design efficiency. In order to explore the problem of generating and decision-making of product technical solutions in the case of complex user demands, this study constructs a user requirements driven product optimization design model, which is used to complete the generation and decision-making of product design solutions in a more reasonable way. The model unfolds across three key stages: Firstly, a user requirements importance ranking system is crafted leveraging Kano Model and Pairwise Analysis. Next, employing the Functional Analysis System Techniques (FAST) theory and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) theory, user requirements undergo transformation into technical solutions. Finally, these technical solutions are amalgamated into diverse technical combinations, with decisions facilitated by a game theory model to yield the optimal overall design solution. The new optimal design model reduces the influence of subjectivity and ambiguity in the process of user requirements analysis, increases the reliability of the transformation of user requirements into technical solutions, and improves the efficiency of the generation and decision-making of product design solutions under multiobjective situations. The model proposed in this study is exemplified through the development of a medicated bath water heater. Results indicate that the technical solution derived from the model surpasses similar products in terms of user satisfaction, thereby validating its feasibility.
用户需求是产品设计的主要参考内容。有效获取关键用户需求，然后开发与这些需求相符的产品技术解决方案，是提高设计效率的关键方法。为了探究在复杂用户需求情况下产品技术解决方案的生成与决策问题，本研究构建了一个用户需求驱动的产品优化设计模型，用于以更合理的方式完成产品设计解决方案的生成与决策。该模型分为三个关键阶段展开：首先，利用卡诺模型和成对分析构建用户需求重要性排序系统。其次，运用功能分析系统技术（FAST）理论和质量功能展开（QFD）理论，将用户需求转化为技术解决方案。最后，将这些技术解决方案合并为不同的技术组合，通过博弈论模型进行决策，以产生最优的总体设计方案。新的优化设计模型减少了用户需求分析过程中的主观性和模糊性影响，提高了用户需求转化为技术解决方案的可靠性，并提升了多目标情况下产品设计解决方案的生成与决策效率。本研究提出的模型通过一款药浴热水器的开发进行了例证。结果表明，该模型得出的技术解决方案在用户满意度方面优于同类产品，从而验证了其可行性。
