Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Siedlce, Stanisława Konarskiego 2 Str., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jul 16;14(1):16372. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67413-y.
The aim of the experiment was to determine the yield of Miscanthus × giganteus M 19 in the first three years of cultivation and its bioaccumulation of Zn and Ni in aboveground and underground parts in response to different doses of sewage sludge and substrate left after the production of white mushrooms. Miscanthus × giganteus is a grass species that adapts to different environmental conditions and can be grown in various climatic zones of Europe and North America. In April 2018 the experiment was established in a randomized block design and with four replications in central-eastern Poland. Waste organic materials (municipal sewage sludge and mushroom substrate) were applied to the soil in 2018 in the spring before the rhizomes of giant miscanthus were planted. Each year (from 2018 to 2020) biomass was harvested in December. The yield of fresh and dry matter and the total content of Zn and Ni, after wet mineralization of plant samples, were determined by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). After the third year of cultivation, the content of Zn and Ni in rhizomes and in the soil was determined again. In relation to control, an increase in the yield of miscanthus biomass in response to organic waste materials was noted. Plants responded to mushroom substrate (SMS) with the highest average yield (16.89 MghaDM), while on the control plot it was 13.86 Mg haDM. After the third year of cultivation, rhizomes of Miscanthus x giganteus contained higher amounts of Zn (63.3 mg kg) and Ni (7.54 mg kg) than aboveground parts (40.52 and 2.07 mg kg), which indicated that heavy metals were retained in underground parts.
实验目的是确定杂交狼尾草（Miscanthus × giganteus M 19）在前三年种植期的产量，以及其对不同剂量污水污泥和生产白蘑菇后的基质的地上和地下部分的 Zn 和 Ni 的生物累积。杂交狼尾草是一种适应不同环境条件的草种，可以在欧洲和北美的不同气候带生长。2018 年 4 月，该实验在波兰中东部采用随机区组设计和四次重复进行。在种植巨型狼尾草根茎之前，2018 年春季将有机废物（城市污水污泥和蘑菇基质）施用到土壤中。每年（2018 年至 2020 年）12 月收获生物量。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定植物样品经湿矿化后的鲜重和干重产量以及 Zn 和 Ni 的总含量。在第三年种植后，再次测定根茎和土壤中 Zn 和 Ni 的含量。与对照相比，杂交狼尾草生物量对有机废物的增加有反应。植物对蘑菇基质（SMS）的反应最高，平均产量为 16.89 Mg haDM，而对照样地为 13.86 Mg haDM。在第三年种植后，杂交狼尾草根茎中 Zn（63.3 mg kg）和 Ni（7.54 mg kg）的含量高于地上部分（40.52 和 2.07 mg kg），这表明重金属被保留在地下部分。
