Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45 Timiryazev st., Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050040.
Department of Technical Sciences, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Králova Výšina 3132/7, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 May;26(13):13320-13333. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04707-z. Epub 2019 Mar 22.
Contamination of soil by heavy metals is among the important environmental problems due to their toxicity and negative impact to human health and the environment. An effective method for cleaning the soil from heavy metals is phytoremediation using the second-generation bioenergy species Miscanthus × giganteus. The purpose of this research is to study the benefits of M. × giganteus cultivation at the soils taken from the mining and former military sites contaminated by As, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, V, Mn, Sr, and U as well as at the soil artificially contaminated by Zn and Pb, to evaluate the physiological parameters of the plant, to establish peculiarities of the phytoremediation process, and to characterize the behavior of the plant in relation to the nature and concentrations of the metals in the soils. Results showed that M. × giganteus was resistant to heavy metals (tolerance index ≥ 1) and that the greatest portion of metals accumulated in the root system. The morphological parameters of the plant while grown on different soils are influenced by soil type and the content of contaminants. The stress effect while growing M. × giganteus on soil artificially contaminated by Zn and Pb was evaluated by measuring the content of pigments (chlorophylls a, b, and carotenoids) in the plant's leaves. The decrease in the total content of chlorophylls, С/С and transpiration rate of water along with the increase in the water absorbing capacity were observed. The accumulation of heavy metals in different parts of the plant was determined; bioaccumulation coefficient and values of translocation factor were calculated. The obtained results showed that M. × giganteus was an excluder plant for nine highly toxic elements (As, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, V, U) and an accumulator species for the moderately dangerous elements (Mn, Sr). Further research will be focused on the extraction of stable stimulated plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria from the rhizosphere of M. × giganteus and formulation on that base the plant-bacterial associations as well as on the comparison of the plant physiological parameters, biochemical soil activity, and accumulation of heavy metals in the Miscanthus tissues between first and second vegetations.
土壤重金属污染是一个重要的环境问题，因为它们具有毒性，会对人类健康和环境造成负面影响。一种有效的土壤重金属净化方法是利用第二代生物能源物种荻（Miscanthus × giganteus）进行植物修复。本研究的目的是研究从采矿和前军事地点（受 As、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、V、Mn、Sr 和 U 污染）以及人工受 Zn 和 Pb 污染的土壤中种植荻的好处，评估植物的生理参数，确定植物修复过程的特点，并研究植物对土壤中金属的性质和浓度的行为。结果表明，荻对重金属具有抗性（耐受指数≥1），并且大部分金属积累在根系中。不同土壤中生长的荻的形态参数受土壤类型和污染物含量的影响。通过测量植物叶片中色素（叶绿素 a、b 和类胡萝卜素）的含量，评估在人工受 Zn 和 Pb 污染的土壤中生长的荻所受到的胁迫效应。观察到叶绿素总量、C/C 和蒸腾速率的降低，以及吸水能力的增加。测定了重金属在植物不同部位的积累量，计算了生物积累系数和迁移率。结果表明，荻是 9 种高毒性元素（As、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cu、V、U）的排除植物，是 7 种中等危险元素（Mn、Sr）的积累植物。进一步的研究将集中于从荻的根际中提取稳定的刺激植物生长的根际促生菌，并在此基础上形成植物-细菌联合体，以及比较荻的生理参数、土壤生化活性和组织中重金属积累量在第一代和第二代植被之间的差异。
