Ma Yuxi, Wei Jielin, He Wenshan, Ren Jinghua
Cancer Center Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.
Institute of Radiation Oncology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.
MedComm (2020). 2024 Jul 15;5(8):e647. doi: 10.1002/mco2.647. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of chromatin DNA studded with granule proteins, are released by neutrophils in response to both infectious and sterile inflammation. Beyond the canonical role in defense against pathogens, the extrusion of NETs also contributes to the initiation, metastasis, and therapeutic response of malignant diseases. Recently, NETs have been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of tumors. Although extensive work regarding inflammation in tumors has been reported, a comprehensive summary of how these web-like extracellular structures initiate and propagate tumor progression under the specific microenvironment is lacking. In this review, we demonstrate the initiators and related signaling pathways that trigger NETs formation in cancers. Additionally, this review will outline the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of NETs during dormant cancer cells awakening, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) extravasation, and metastatic recurrence of cancer. This is followed by a perspective on the current and potential clinical potential of NETs as therapeutic targets in the treatment of both local and metastatic disease, including the improvement of the efficacy of existing therapies.
中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）由布满颗粒蛋白的染色质DNA组成，是中性粒细胞在感染性和无菌性炎症反应中释放的。除了在抵御病原体方面的经典作用外，NETs的释放还参与恶性疾病的起始、转移和治疗反应。最近，NETs与各类肿瘤的发生发展及治疗反应有关。尽管已有大量关于肿瘤炎症的研究报道，但对于这些网状细胞外结构如何在特定微环境下启动和促进肿瘤进展，仍缺乏全面的总结。在本综述中，我们阐述了癌症中触发NETs形成的启动因子及相关信号通路。此外，本综述将概述NETs在休眠癌细胞唤醒、循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）外渗及癌症转移复发过程中的当前分子机制和调控网络。接下来是对NETs作为治疗局部和转移性疾病的治疗靶点的当前及潜在临床潜力的展望，包括提高现有疗法的疗效。
