Verveen Anouk, Verfaillie Sander C J, Visser Denise, Koch Dook W, Verwijk Esmée, Geurtsen Gert J, Roor Jeroen, Appelman Brent, Boellaard Ronald, van Heugten Caroline M, Horn Janneke, Hulst Hanneke E, de Jong Menno D, Kuut Tanja A, van der Maaden Tessa, van Os Yvonne M G, Prins Maria, Visser-Meily Johanna M A, van Vugt Michele, van den Wijngaard Cees C, Nieuwkerk Pythia T, van Berckel Bart, Tolboom Nelleke, Knoop Hans
Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Clin Neuropsychol. 2025 Feb;39(2):347-362. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2379508. Epub 2024 Jul 17.
It is unclear how self-reported severe fatigue and difficulty concentrating after SARS-CoV-2 infection relate to objective neuropsychological functioning. The study aimed to compare neuropsychological functioning between individuals with and without these persistent subjective complaints. : Individuals with and without persistent severe fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength (CIS) fatigue ≥ 35) and difficulty concentrating (CIS concentration ≥ 18) at least 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Neuropsychological assessment was performed on overall cognitive functioning, attention, processing speed, executive functioning, memory, visuo-construction, and language (18 tests). T-scores -1.5 SD below population normative data ( ≤ 35) were classified as "impaired". 230 participants were included in the study, of whom 22 were excluded from the analysis due to invalid performance. Of the participants included in the analysis, 111 reported persistent complaints of severe fatigue and difficulty concentrating and 97 did not. Median age was 54 years, 59% ( = 126) were female, and participants were assessed a median of 23 months after first infection (IQR: 16-28). With bivariate logistic regression, individuals with persistent complaints had an increased likelihood of slower information processing speed performance on the Stroop word reading (OR = 2.45, 95%CI = 1.02-5.84) compared to those without persistent complaints. Demographic or clinical covariates (e.g. hospitalization) did not influence this association. With linear regression techniques, persistent complaints were associated with lower t-scores on the D2 CP, TMT B, and TMT B|A. There were no differences in performance on the other neuropsychological tests. Individuals with subjective severe fatigue and difficulty concentrating after COVID-19 do not typically demonstrate cognitive impairment on extensive neuropsychological testing.
目前尚不清楚感染SARS-CoV-2后自我报告的严重疲劳和注意力难以集中与客观神经心理功能之间的关系。本研究旨在比较有和没有这些持续性主观症状的个体之间的神经心理功能。：纳入了在SARS-CoV-2感染后至少3个月有和没有持续性严重疲劳（个人力量检查表（CIS）疲劳≥35）以及注意力难以集中（CIS注意力≥18）的个体。对整体认知功能、注意力、处理速度、执行功能、记忆、视觉构建和语言进行了神经心理评估（共18项测试）。低于总体常模数据1.5个标准差（≤35）的T分数被归类为“受损”。230名参与者纳入本研究，其中22名因表现无效被排除在分析之外。在纳入分析的参与者中，111名报告有持续性严重疲劳和注意力难以集中的症状，97名没有。中位年龄为54岁，59%（n = 126）为女性，参与者在首次感染后的中位评估时间为23个月（四分位间距：16 - 28）。通过双变量逻辑回归分析，与没有持续性症状的个体相比，有持续性症状的个体在Stroop单词阅读任务中信息处理速度较慢的可能性增加（比值比 = 2.45，95%置信区间 = 1.02 - 5.84）。人口统计学或临床协变量（如住院情况）并未影响这种关联。采用线性回归技术分析，持续性症状与D2持续操作测验、数字符号替换测验B部分以及数字符号替换测验B - A差值的较低T分数相关。在其他神经心理测试中的表现没有差异。COVID-19后有主观严重疲劳和注意力难以集中的个体在广泛的神经心理测试中通常不会表现出认知障碍。
