Transorbital Route to Intracranial Space.

The endoscopic superior eyelid transorbital approach has emerged as a notable and increasingly utilized surgical technique in recent years. This chapter presents an overview of the approach, tracing its historical development and highlighting its growing acceptance within the skull base community.Beginning with an introduction and historical perspective, the chapter outlines the evolution of the transorbital approach, shedding light on its origins and the factors driving its adoption. Subsequently, a comprehensive exploration of the anatomic bone pillars and intracranial spaces accessible via this approach is provided. Hence, five bone pillars of the transorbital approach were identified, namely the lesser sphenoid wing, the anterior clinoid, the sagittal crest, the middle cranial fossa, and the petrous apex. A detailed correlation of those bone targets with respective intracranial areas has been reported.Furthermore, the chapter delves into the practical application of the technique through a case example, offering insights into its clinical utility, indications, and limitations.