Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
Endocrinology. 2024 Jul 26;165(9). doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqae088.
Risky alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUD) are a rising problem in women, yet a major disparity in our understanding of what drives alcohol consumption in women remains. Historically biomedical research has focused on male subjects; however, recent increases in reporting of females, have highlighted major differences between the sexes. Here we review the current literature of the effect of gonadal steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, and progestins), neurosteriods, and neurobiological factors on alcohol use in clinical and preclinical studies of both sexes. Further, we briefly discuss how fundamental sex differences in genetics, metabolism, neuroimmune, and stress responses may influence sex differences in alcohol intake. Comparing the sexes could aid in the discovery of novel therapeutics to treat AUD, and implementation of current treatment options in women.
风险型饮酒和酒精使用障碍（AUD）在女性中日益成为一个问题，但我们对女性饮酒行为的驱动因素的理解仍存在很大差距。从历史上看，生物医学研究主要集中在男性受试者上；然而，最近女性报告的增加突显了性别之间的重大差异。在这里，我们回顾了目前关于性腺类固醇激素（雌激素、雄激素和孕激素）、神经甾体和神经生物学因素对两性临床和临床前研究中酒精使用影响的文献。此外，我们还简要讨论了遗传、代谢、神经免疫和应激反应中基本的性别差异如何影响酒精摄入的性别差异。比较性别差异可以帮助发现治疗 AUD 的新疗法，并在女性中实施现有的治疗选择。
