Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Turkey.
Addict Biol. 2019 Mar;24(2):157-169. doi: 10.1111/adb.12589. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
Sex hormones play an important role in establishing sex-distinctive brain structural and functional variations that could contribute to the sex differences in alcohol consumption behavior. Here, we systematically reviewed articles that studied sex hormone impacts on alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD). An extensive literature search conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL databases identified 776 articles, which were then evaluated for pre-specified criteria for relevance and quality assurance. A total of 50 articles, including 19 human studies and 31 animal studies, were selected for this review. Existing evidence supports the association of increased testosterone level and increased risk for alcohol use and AUD in males but results are inconclusive in females. In contrast, the evidence supports the association of increased estrogen level and increased alcohol use in females, with mixed findings reported in males. Much less is known about the impact of progestins on alcohol use and misuse in human subjects. Future observational and experimental studies conducted in both sexes with a comprehensive hormone panel are needed to elucidate the impact of the interplay between various sex hormone levels during various developmental stages on alcohol use-related phenotypes and AUD.
性激素在建立性别特有的大脑结构和功能差异方面发挥着重要作用，这些差异可能导致饮酒行为上的性别差异。在这里，我们系统地回顾了研究性激素对饮酒和酒精使用障碍（AUD）影响的文章。在 MEDLINE、PubMed、Scopus 和 CINAHL 数据库中进行了广泛的文献检索，确定了 776 篇文章，然后根据相关性和质量保证的预定标准对这些文章进行了评估。共有 50 篇文章，包括 19 项人类研究和 31 项动物研究，被选入本次综述。现有证据支持男性体内睾丸激素水平升高与饮酒和 AUD 风险增加之间的关联，但女性的结果尚无定论。相比之下，有证据表明女性体内雌激素水平升高与饮酒增加有关，而男性的研究结果则不一致。关于孕激素对人类饮酒和滥用的影响，我们知之甚少。未来需要在两性中进行更多的观察性和实验性研究，使用全面的激素面板，以阐明在不同发育阶段各种性激素水平之间的相互作用对与饮酒相关的表型和 AUD 的影响。
