Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Clin Nutr. 2024 Aug;43(8):1929-1940. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.005. Epub 2024 Jul 14.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Plant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases. Large-scale proteomics can identify objective biomarkers of plant-based diets, and improve our understanding of the pathways that link plant-based diets to health outcomes. This study investigated the plasma proteome of four different plant-based diets [overall plant-based diet (PDI), provegetarian diet, healthful plant-based diet (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet (uPDI)] in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and replicated the findings in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring cohort.
ARIC Study participants at visit 3 (1993-1995) with completed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data and proteomics data were divided into internal discovery (n = 7690) and replication (n = 2543) data sets. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between plant-based diet indices (PDIs) and 4955 individual proteins in the discovery sample. Then, proteins that were internally replicated in the ARIC Study were tested for external replication in FHS (n = 1358). Pathway overrepresentation analysis was conducted for diet-related proteins. C-statistics were used to predict if the proteins improved prediction of plant-based diet indices beyond participant characteristics.
In ARIC discovery, a total of 837 diet-protein associations (PDI = 233; provegetarian = 182; hPDI = 406; uPDI = 16) were observed at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Of these, 453 diet-protein associations (PDI = 132; provegetarian = 104; hPDI = 208; uPDI = 9) were internally replicated. In FHS, 167/453 diet-protein associations were available for external replication, of which 8 proteins (PDI = 1; provegetarian = 0; hPDI = 8; uPDI = 0) replicated. Complement and coagulation cascades, cell adhesion molecules, and retinol metabolism were over-represented. C-C motif chemokine 25 for PDI and 8 proteins for hPDI modestly but significantly improved the prediction of these indices individually and collectively (P value for difference in C-statistics<0.05 for all tests).
Using large-scale proteomics, we identified potential candidate biomarkers of plant-based diets, and pathways that may partially explain the associations between plant-based diets and chronic conditions.
植物性饮食与慢性病风险降低有关。大规模蛋白质组学可以识别植物性饮食的客观生物标志物，并增进我们对将植物性饮食与健康结果联系起来的途径的理解。本研究在 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) 研究中调查了四种不同植物性饮食（整体植物性饮食 (PDI)、纯素饮食、健康植物性饮食 (hPDI) 和不健康植物性饮食 (uPDI)) 的血浆蛋白质组，并在 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) 后代队列中复制了这些发现。
在 ARIC 研究中，对在第三次访问（1993-1995 年）中完成了食物频率问卷 (FFQ) 数据和蛋白质组学数据的参与者进行了划分，将其分为内部发现 (n=7690) 和复制 (n=2543) 数据集。使用多变量线性回归方法在发现样本中检验植物性饮食指数 (PDI) 和 4955 个个体蛋白之间的关联。然后，在 ARIC 研究中内部复制的蛋白在 FHS 中进行外部复制 (n=1358)。进行了与饮食相关的蛋白质的通路过度表达分析。C 统计量用于预测蛋白质是否可以改善对植物性饮食指数的预测，而不仅仅是预测参与者的特征。
在 ARIC 发现中，在错误发现率 (FDR) <0.05 时，共观察到 837 种饮食-蛋白质关联（PDI=233；纯素食者=182；hPDI=406；uPDI=16）。其中，453 种饮食-蛋白质关联（PDI=132；纯素食者=104；hPDI=208；uPDI=9）得到内部复制。在 FHS 中，可用于外部复制的 453 种饮食-蛋白质关联中有 167 种，其中 8 种蛋白质（PDI=1；纯素食者=0；hPDI=8；uPDI=0）得到复制。补体和凝血级联、细胞黏附分子和视黄醇代谢过度表达。PDI 的 C-趋化因子 25 和 hPDI 的 8 种蛋白质都适度但显著地提高了这些指数的预测能力（所有检验 P 值<0.05）。
使用大规模蛋白质组学，我们确定了植物性饮食的潜在候选生物标志物，以及可能部分解释植物性饮食与慢性疾病之间关联的途径。
