Kim Hyunju, Rebholz Casey M
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Jun;36(6):546-562. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2025.01.007. Epub 2025 Feb 20.
Plant-based diets emphasize higher intake of plant foods and are low in animal products. Individuals following plant-based diets have a lower risk of chronic conditions; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not completely understood. Omics data have opened opportunities to investigate the mechanistic effect of dietary intake on health outcomes. Here, we review omics analyses of plant-based diets in feeding and observational studies, showing that although metabolomics and proteomics identified candidate biomarkers and distinct pathways modifiable by plant-based diets, current evidence from transcriptomics and methylomics is limited. We also argue that future studies should examine how unhealthful plant-based diets are associated with a higher risk of health outcomes and integrate multiple omics data from feeding studies to provide further mechanistic insights.
植物性饮食强调增加植物性食物的摄入量，且动物性产品含量较低。遵循植物性饮食的个体患慢性病的风险较低；然而，这些关联背后的机制尚未完全明确。组学数据为研究饮食摄入对健康结果的机制性影响提供了契机。在此，我们综述了喂养和观察性研究中对植物性饮食的组学分析，结果表明，尽管代谢组学和蛋白质组学确定了植物性饮食可改变的候选生物标志物和不同途径，但目前转录组学和甲基化组学的证据有限。我们还认为，未来的研究应探讨不健康的植物性饮食如何与更高的健康风险相关联，并整合喂养研究中的多组学数据，以提供更多的机制性见解。
