School of Medical Management, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
School of Healthcare Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
J Affect Disord. 2024 Oct 1;362:560-568. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.053. Epub 2024 Jul 15.
The effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive function related to four major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, and the relationship between these NCDs and cognitive function have not been fully studied. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between these NCDs and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people, and the combined effects of lifestyle factors.
By employing the data from three large-scale cohort studies from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (2010-2019), English Longitudinal Study of Aging (2014-2019), and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2019), this study carried out a multi-cohort analysis to 77, 210 participants. Fixed-effects regression models were used to examine associations between NCD status and cognitive function. Margin plots were used to illustrate the effect of lifestyle factors.
Our findings revealed the dose-dependent association between mounting these NCDs and declining cognitive performance, ranging from one NCD (β = -0.05, 95 % CI: -0.08 to -0.02) to four NCDs (β = -0.51, 95 % CI: -0.75 to -0.28). Decline in cognitive function associated with NCDs was exacerbated with physical inactivity, current smoking status, and an increase in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors.
The observational study design precludes causal interrogation of lifestyles and four NCDs on cognitive function.
An increasing number of these NCDs were dose-dependently associated with the decline in cognitive function score. Unhealthy lifestyle factors expedite decline in cognitive function linked to these NCDs.
生活方式因素对与四大非传染性疾病（NCDs）相关的认知功能的影响，包括糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和慢性呼吸系统疾病，以及这些 NCDs 与认知功能之间的关系尚未得到充分研究。我们旨在调查这些 NCDs 与中年和老年人认知功能之间的纵向关联，以及生活方式因素的综合影响。
本研究利用来自美国健康与退休研究（2010-2019 年）、英国老龄化纵向研究（2014-2019 年）和中国健康与退休纵向研究（2011-2019 年）的三项大型队列研究的数据，进行了一项多队列分析，共纳入 77210 名参与者。采用固定效应回归模型来检验 NCD 状况与认知功能之间的关联。边际图用于说明生活方式因素的影响。
我们的研究结果表明，随着这些 NCD 的增加，认知功能逐渐下降，呈剂量依赖性，从一种 NCD（β=-0.05，95%CI：-0.08 至-0.02）到四种 NCD（β=-0.51，95%CI：-0.75 至-0.28）。与 NCD 相关的认知功能下降随着身体活动不足、当前吸烟状况以及不健康的生活方式行为的增加而加剧。
观察性研究设计排除了对生活方式和四种 NCD 对认知功能的因果关系的探究。
这些 NCD 数量的增加与认知功能评分的下降呈剂量依赖性相关。不健康的生活方式因素加速了与这些 NCD 相关的认知功能下降。
