Shahbaz Muhammad, Sabir Nadeem, Amin Nasir, Zulfiqar Zobia, Zahid Muhammad
Department of Physics, Govt College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINUM), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Front Chem. 2024 Jul 3;12:1413253. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1413253. eCollection 2024.
MAX phases, characterized as nanolaminates of ternary carbides/nitrides structure, possess a unique combination of ceramic and metallic properties, rendering them pivotal in materials research. In this study, chromium aluminum carbide ternary compounds, CrAlC (211), CrAlC (312), and CrAlC (413) were successfully synthesized with high purity using a facile and cost-effective sol-gel method. Structural, morphological, and chemical characterization of the synthesized phases was conducted to understand the effects of composition changes and explore potential applications. Comprehensive characterization techniques including XRD for crystalline structure elucidations, SEM for morphological analysis, EDX for chemical composition, Raman spectroscopy for elucidation of vibrational modes, XPS to analyze elemental composition and surface chemistry, and FTIR spectroscopy to ensure the functional groups analysis, were performed. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the high purity of the synthesized CrAlC phase as well as other ternary compounds CrAlC and CrAlC, suggesting its suitability as a precursor for MXenes production. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity against and biocompatibility assessments against (), (), and HepG2 cell line were investigated. The results demonstrated significant antifungal activity of the synthesized phases against and negligible impact on the viability of and . Interestingly, lower concentrations of CrAlC MAX phase induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by triggering intercellular oxidative stress, while CrAlC and CrAlC exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to CrAlC, highlighting their potential in biomedical applications.
MAX相具有三元碳化物/氮化物结构的纳米层状特征，具备陶瓷和金属特性的独特组合，使其在材料研究中至关重要。在本研究中，采用简便且经济高效的溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了高纯度的碳化铬铝三元化合物CrAlC(211)、CrAlC(312)和CrAlC(413)。对合成相进行了结构、形态和化学表征，以了解成分变化的影响并探索潜在应用。进行了综合表征技术，包括用于阐明晶体结构的XRD、用于形态分析的SEM、用于化学成分分析的EDX、用于阐明振动模式的拉曼光谱、用于分析元素组成和表面化学的XPS以及用于确保官能团分析的FTIR光谱。X射线衍射分析表明合成的CrAlC相以及其他三元化合物CrAlC和CrAlC具有高纯度，表明其适合作为MXenes生产的前驱体。此外，还研究了对[具体微生物名称1]的抗菌活性以及对[具体细胞系名称1]、[具体细胞系名称2]和HepG2细胞系的生物相容性评估。结果表明，合成相对[具体微生物名称1]具有显著的抗真菌活性，对[具体细胞系名称1]和[具体细胞系名称2]的活力影响可忽略不计。有趣的是，较低浓度的CrAlC MAX相通过引发细胞内氧化应激在HepG2细胞中诱导细胞毒性，而CrAlC和CrAlC与CrAlC相比表现出较低的细胞毒性，突出了它们在生物医学应用中的潜力。
