Thakare Akash, Sedani Shweta, Kriplani Simran, Patel Aditya, Umre Utkarsh
Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jun 17;16(6):e62506. doi: 10.7759/cureus.62506. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Owing to their nanoscale dimensions, nanomaterials have special chemical and physical properties that set them apart from their bulk counterparts. The exterior dimensions of a minimum of half of the particles span several nanometers in their size distribution. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one type of nanomaterial that has been widely used because of their strong antibacterial properties, which can kill bacteria that are resistant to many drugs. Due to its potential for regulated release, localized retention, and safeguarding the active ingredients against environmental or enzymatic deterioration, nanoparticle technology has also emerged as a promising medication delivery method. The techniques for creating nanoparticles can be easily scaled up and used for a wide variety of medications. Since polymeric nanoparticles are biodegradable, biocompatible, and have more readily available formulation techniques than other nanoparticle drug delivery approaches, their range of applications has been expanding. Chitosan, also known as deacetylated polysaccharide, is a straight-chain cationic polymer that is typically a cationic copolymer. It can be generated naturally or by deacetylating chitin. Consequently, it contains an extensive array of biomedical applications, such as efficient healing of wounds, regeneration of tissues, regeneration of bone, and anti-infection. Because of its functional diversity, accessibility, and being both biodegradable and biocompatible, it has a wide spectrum of uses in dentistry. Recent research on chitosan-based nanoparticles is founded on the field's growing comprehension of the characteristics of chitosan and techniques for chemical or physical modification that are used to optimize the drug loading and release characteristics of the nanoparticles.
由于其纳米级尺寸，纳米材料具有特殊的化学和物理性质，使其有别于其块状对应物。至少一半颗粒的外部尺寸在其尺寸分布中跨越几纳米。银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）是一种已被广泛使用的纳米材料，因为它们具有很强的抗菌特性，可以杀死对多种药物耐药的细菌。由于纳米颗粒技术具有控释、局部保留以及保护活性成分免受环境或酶降解的潜力，它也已成为一种有前景的药物递送方法。制备纳米颗粒的技术可以很容易地扩大规模并用于多种药物。由于聚合物纳米颗粒是可生物降解的、生物相容的，并且比其他纳米颗粒药物递送方法具有更易于获得的制剂技术，它们的应用范围一直在扩大。壳聚糖，也称为脱乙酰多糖，是一种直链阳离子聚合物，通常是阳离子共聚物。它可以天然产生或通过甲壳素脱乙酰化产生。因此，它具有广泛的生物医学应用，如伤口的有效愈合、组织再生、骨再生和抗感染。由于其功能多样性、可及性以及可生物降解和生物相容的特性，它在牙科领域有广泛的用途。最近关于基于壳聚糖的纳米颗粒的研究是基于该领域对壳聚糖特性以及用于优化纳米颗粒药物负载和释放特性的化学或物理改性技术的日益深入的理解。
