Reymond M J, Porter J C
Horm Res. 1985;22(3):142-52. doi: 10.1159/000180088.
The neuroendocrine control of prolactin (PRL) secretion is known to be a multifactorial process, but dopamine (DA) secreted by the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons of the hypothalamus is believed to exert a predominant inhibitory control on the secretion of PRL. The secretory activity of the TIDA neurons, including the rate of biosynthesis of DA and the rate of release of the neurohormone into hypophysial portal blood, can be readily evaluated in the rat. In most conditions in which an altered secretion of PRL has been documented, an altered secretory activity of the TIDA neurons has been found. When an acute reduction in the secretion of DA is observed, an increased secretion of PRL is associated, with an inverse relationship between DA and PRL concentrations in hypophysial portal and systemic blood, respectively. However, the secretion of PRL can be regulated by PRL itself through stimulation of the secretory activity of the TIDA neurons, and consequently hyperprolactinemia can be observed concomitantly with a sustained high secretion of DA, as seen after treatment with estrogen. The short loop feedback of PRL secretion seems to be impaired in the aging rat, since a sustained reduced hypothalamic secretion of DA is observed in spite of long-term hyperprolactinemia.
已知催乳素（PRL）分泌的神经内分泌控制是一个多因素过程，但下丘脑结节漏斗多巴胺能（TIDA）神经元分泌的多巴胺（DA）被认为对PRL分泌发挥主要的抑制控制作用。TIDA神经元的分泌活动，包括DA的生物合成速率以及神经激素释放到垂体门脉血中的速率，在大鼠中很容易评估。在大多数已记录到PRL分泌改变的情况下，都发现TIDA神经元的分泌活动发生了改变。当观察到DA分泌急性减少时，PRL分泌增加，且垂体门脉血和全身血中DA与PRL浓度分别呈负相关。然而，PRL自身可通过刺激TIDA神经元的分泌活动来调节PRL分泌，因此，如雌激素治疗后所见，高催乳素血症可与DA持续高分泌同时出现。在衰老大鼠中，PRL分泌的短反馈回路似乎受损，因为尽管长期存在高催乳素血症，但仍观察到下丘脑DA分泌持续减少。
