Vesga Angie Xiomara, Cuentas María Fernanda, Albis Arrieta Alberto Ricardo
Faculty of Engineering, Program of Chemical Engineering, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 8-49, 80001, Puerto Colombia, Atlántico, Colombia.
Heliyon. 2024 Jun 20;10(12):e33117. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33117. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.
Pyrolysis stands out as one potential route for valorizing abundant agro-industrial cocoa residues. However, the products of this reaction, particularly bio-oil, do not possess the required quality for direct use in many applications. Thus, this study explores the use of iron sulfate and zinc sulfate as potential catalysts in the pyrolysis of these residues. In this investigation, the biomass, previously ground and dried, was impregnated with varying percentages of ferric sulfate and zinc sulfate. The TG-FTIR technique was employed to ascertain the effect of these salts on the pyrolysis of cocoa shell. The results were fitted with the DAEM model with three pseudo-components. It was determined that both salts induced alterations in the DTG profiles of the thermal decomposition of cocoa shell. In the evolved gases, compounds such as CO, HO, CH, CO, HCN, and oxygenated compounds like HCOOH and CHCOOH were detected. Ferric sulfate significantly influenced the activation energies governing the reactions of the three pseudo-components. Conversely, the presence of zinc sulfate did not alter the activation energies associated with the decomposition of cocoa shell pseudo-components. Both catalysts induced alterations in the infrared spectra of the evolved gases, which is primarily evident in the relative intensities of bands corresponding to the stretching vibrations of constituent groups within CO, CO, water, and oxygenated compounds.
热解是使大量农业工业可可残渣增值的一种潜在途径。然而，该反应的产物，尤其是生物油，在许多应用中不具备直接使用所需的质量。因此，本研究探索了使用硫酸铁和硫酸锌作为这些残渣热解的潜在催化剂。在这项研究中，将预先研磨和干燥的生物质用不同百分比的硫酸铁和硫酸锌进行浸渍。采用TG-FTIR技术确定这些盐对可可壳热解的影响。结果用具有三个假组分的DAEM模型进行拟合。结果表明，两种盐都引起了可可壳热分解DTG曲线的变化。在逸出气体中，检测到了CO、HO、CH、CO、HCN等化合物以及HCOOH和CHCOOH等含氧化合物。硫酸铁显著影响了控制三个假组分反应的活化能。相反，硫酸锌的存在并没有改变与可可壳假组分分解相关的活化能。两种催化剂都引起了逸出气体红外光谱的变化,这主要体现在与CO、CO、水和含氧化合物中组成基团的伸缩振动相对应的谱带相对强度上。
