Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei 230032, China.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2024 Sep;227:116441. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116441. Epub 2024 Jul 17.
T cell receptor (TCR) is a kind of surface marker that are specific to T cells. The TCR regulates T cell function and participates in the body's immunological response to prevent immune dysregulation and inflammatory reactions by identifying and binding exogenous antigens. Due to its brief intracellular segment, TCR requires intracellular molecules to assist with signaling. Among these, the CD3 molecule is one of the most important. The CD3 molecule involves in TCR structural stability as well as T cell activation signaling. A TCR-CD3 complex is created when TCR and CD3 form a non-covalent bond. Antigen recognition and T cell signaling are both facilitated by the TCR-CD3 complex. When a CD3 subunit is absent, a TCR-CD3 complex cannot form, and none of the subunits is transported to the cell surface. Thus, T cells cannot develop. Consequently, research on the physiological functions and potential pathogenicity of CD3 subunits can clarify the pathogenesis of immune system diseases and can offer fresh approaches to the treatment of it. In this review, the structure and function of the TCR-CD3 complex in the immune system was summarized, the pathogenicity of each CD3 subunit and therapeutic approaches to related diseases was explored and research directions for the development of new targeted drugs was provided.
T 细胞受体（TCR）是一种特异性表达于 T 细胞表面的标志物。TCR 通过识别和结合外源性抗原，调节 T 细胞的功能并参与机体的免疫应答，防止免疫失调和炎症反应。由于 TCR 的胞内段很短，它需要细胞内分子来辅助信号转导。其中，CD3 分子是最重要的分子之一。CD3 分子参与 TCR 的结构稳定性以及 T 细胞的激活信号转导。TCR 与 CD3 形成非共价键，形成 TCR-CD3 复合物。TCR-CD3 复合物促进抗原识别和 T 细胞信号转导。当 CD3 亚基缺失时，TCR-CD3 复合物无法形成，并且没有一个亚基被转运到细胞表面。因此，T 细胞无法发育。因此，研究 CD3 亚基的生理功能和潜在致病性，可以阐明免疫系统疾病的发病机制，并为其治疗提供新的思路。本综述总结了 TCR-CD3 复合物在免疫系统中的结构和功能，探讨了每个 CD3 亚基的致病性以及相关疾病的治疗方法，并为开发新的靶向药物提供了研究方向。
