Li Xing, Li Mengxin, Xia Xinyu, Yang Lanqing, Wu Qiuyue, Xu Linyu, Chen Yang, Dong Jingquan
Jiangsu Marine Pharmaceutical Resources Development Engineering Research Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Sep;152:109782. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109782. Epub 2024 Jul 18.
Triazole fungicides, such as difenoconazole (DFZ), are frequently used to control fungus in crops that pollute water. The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (hereafter referred to as "carp") is an excellent bio-indicator of water quality. The seeds of the silymarin plant contain a flavonolignan called silybin (SYB), which is used to treat liver disease. To explore SYB's involvement in DFZ-triggered kidney damage in carps, an H&E assay was conducted, and ROS level was also examined. The results demonstrated that SYB alleviated DFZ-induced destruction of kidney tissue structure in carps, as well as alleviating the elevation of kidney ROS level in carps. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect inflammation-, oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related factors at mRNA level and protein level. The experimental findings indicated that relative to the DFZ group, SYB + DFZ co-treatment reduced inflammation-related mRNA level of il-6, il-1β and tnf-α, elevated mRNA level of il-10. It also reduced protein expression levels of NF-κB and iNOS. In addition, SYB + DFZ co-treatment reduced DFZ-induced increase in the oxidative stress-related mRNA indicators sod and cat, and decreased the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and NQO1. SYB reduced the DFZ-induced increase in pro-apoptotic gene Bax mRNA and protein expression levels and the DFZ-induced decrease in anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression levels. In summary, SYB potentially mitigates DFZ-induced kidney damage in carp by addressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Our results establish a theoretical foundation for the clinical advancement of freshwater carp feeds.
三唑类杀菌剂，如苯醚甲环唑（DFZ），常用于防治污染水体的农作物中的真菌。鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）（以下简称“鲤鱼”）是水质的优良生物指示物。水飞蓟素植物的种子含有一种名为水飞蓟宾（SYB）的黄酮木脂素，用于治疗肝病。为了探究SYB在DFZ引发的鲤鱼肾脏损伤中的作用，进行了苏木精-伊红（H&E）检测，并检测了活性氧（ROS）水平。结果表明，SYB减轻了DFZ诱导的鲤鱼肾脏组织结构破坏，以及减轻了鲤鱼肾脏ROS水平的升高。采用逆转录-定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）和蛋白质免疫印迹法（Western blot）在mRNA水平和蛋白质水平检测炎症、氧化应激和凋亡相关因子。实验结果表明，相对于DFZ组，SYB + DFZ联合处理降低了白细胞介素-6（il-6）、白细胞介素-1β（il-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tnf-α）的炎症相关mRNA水平，提高了白细胞介素-10（il-10）的mRNA水平。它还降低了核因子-κB（NF-κB）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的蛋白质表达水平。此外，SYB + DFZ联合处理降低了DFZ诱导的氧化应激相关mRNA指标超氧化物歧化酶（sod）和过氧化氢酶（cat）的增加，并降低了核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）和醌氧化还原酶1（NQO1）的蛋白质表达水平。SYB降低了DFZ诱导的促凋亡基因Bax mRNA和蛋白质表达水平的增加，以及DFZ诱导的抗凋亡基因Bcl-2 mRNA和蛋白质表达水平的降低。综上所述，SYB可能通过解决炎症、氧化应激和凋亡来减轻DFZ诱导的鲤鱼肾脏损伤。我们的结果为淡水鲤鱼饲料的临床推广奠定了理论基础。
