Asaad Yathreb, Nemcovsky-Amar Danielle, Sznitman Josué, Mangin Pierre H, Korin Netanel
Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel.
University of Strasbourg, INSERM, EFS Grand-Est, BPPS UMR-S1255, FMTS Strasbourg France.
Bioeng Transl Med. 2024 Apr 6;9(4):e10669. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10669. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Nanoparticles (NP) play a crucial role in nanomedicine, serving as carriers for localized therapeutics to allow for precise drug delivery to specific disease sites and conditions. When injected systemically, NP can directly interact with various blood cell types, most critically with circulating platelets. Hence, the potential activation/inhibition of platelets following NP exposure must be evaluated a priori due to possible debilitating outcomes. In recent years, various studies have helped resolve the physicochemical parameters that influence platelet-NP interactions, and either emphasize nanoparticles' therapeutic role such as to augment hemostasis or to inhibit thrombus formation, or conversely map their potential undesired side effects upon injection. In the present review, we discuss some of the main effects of several key NP types including polymeric, ceramic, silica, dendrimers and metallic NPs on platelets, with a focus on the physicochemical parameters that can dictate these effects and modulate the therapeutic potential of the NP. Despite the scientific and clinical significance of understanding Platelet-NP interactions, there is a significant knowledge gap in the field and a critical need for further investigation. Moreover, improved guidelines and research methodologies need to be developed and implemented. Our outlook includes the use of biomimetic in vitro models to investigate these complex interactions under both healthy physiological and disease conditions.
纳米颗粒（NP）在纳米医学中起着至关重要的作用，作为局部治疗的载体，能够将药物精确递送至特定的疾病部位和病症。当全身注射时，NP可直接与多种血细胞类型相互作用，其中最关键的是与循环血小板相互作用。因此，由于可能产生的不良后果，必须事先评估NP暴露后血小板的潜在激活/抑制情况。近年来，各种研究有助于解析影响血小板 - NP相互作用的物理化学参数，这些研究要么强调纳米颗粒的治疗作用，如增强止血或抑制血栓形成，要么相反地描绘它们注射后潜在的不良副作用。在本综述中，我们讨论了几种关键NP类型（包括聚合物、陶瓷、二氧化硅、树枝状大分子和金属NP）对血小板的一些主要影响，重点关注能够决定这些影响并调节NP治疗潜力的物理化学参数。尽管了解血小板 - NP相互作用具有科学和临床意义，但该领域仍存在重大知识空白，迫切需要进一步研究。此外，需要制定和实施改进的指导方针和研究方法。我们的展望包括使用仿生体外模型来研究健康生理和疾病条件下的这些复杂相互作用。
