Feng Ruoyang, Cheng Shiqiang, Zhang Feng, Xu Ke, Liu Lin, Yang Mingyi, Xu Peng
Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710054, China.
Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Jun 22;10(13):e33435. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33435. eCollection 2024 Jul 15.
It is unclear whether lifestyle factors affect bone mineral density (BMD) during different inflammatory states.
This study investigated the effects of coffee consumption, vitamin D (VD) intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption on heel BMD in adults with different inflammatory states.
The phenotypic data from 249,825 participants were analyzed using the UK Biobank cohort. The inflammatory status was evaluated using C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the systemic immune-inflammation index. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between coffee consumption, VD, smoking, alcohol consumption, and heel BMD in adults with different inflammatory states. Linear regression models were used to analyze the interaction between inflammation and the four lifestyle factors with respect to their influence on heel BMD in adults.
Our findings revealed that VD was positively associated with adult heel BMD (β = 2.41 × 10, SE = 5.14 × 10, = 2.72 × 10), while alcohol consumption and smoking were negatively associated with adult heel BMD. Coffee was negatively associated with adult heel BMD in low inflammatory states (β = -1.27 × 10, SE = 4.79 × 10, = 8.00 × 10), while there was no association between coffee and adult heel BMD in high inflammatory states. Overall, it was found that these four lifestyle factors interacted negatively with inflammatory states.
Our study suggests that VD is positively associated with adult heel BMD and that alcohol consumption and smoking are negatively associated with adult heel BMD. Coffee may reverse the adverse effects of inflammation on BMD when the patient is in a highly inflammatory state, thus acting as a protective agent against heel BMD in adults.
尚不清楚生活方式因素在不同炎症状态下是否会影响骨密度（BMD）。
本研究调查了咖啡饮用、维生素D（VD）摄入、吸烟和饮酒对不同炎症状态成年人足跟骨密度的影响。
使用英国生物银行队列分析了249825名参与者的表型数据。使用C反应蛋白（CRP）水平和全身免疫炎症指数评估炎症状态。采用线性回归分析来研究不同炎症状态成年人的咖啡饮用、VD、吸烟、饮酒与足跟骨密度之间的关联。使用线性回归模型分析炎症与这四种生活方式因素之间关于它们对成年人足跟骨密度影响的相互作用。
我们的研究结果显示，VD与成年人足跟骨密度呈正相关（β = 2.41×10，标准误 = 5.14×10，P = 2.72×10），而饮酒和吸烟与成年人足跟骨密度呈负相关。在低炎症状态下，咖啡与成年人足跟骨密度呈负相关（β = -1.27×10，标准误 =
4.79×10，P = 8.00×10），而在高炎症状态下，咖啡与成年人足跟骨密度无关联。总体而言，发现这四种生活方式因素与炎症状态存在负向相互作用。
我们的研究表明，VD与成年人足跟骨密度呈正相关，饮酒和吸烟与成年人足跟骨密度呈负相关。当患者处于高度炎症状态时，咖啡可能会逆转炎症对骨密度的不利影响，从而成为成年人足跟骨密度的保护剂。
