2015-2017 年南非林波波省五个地区疟疾的流行情况。

The prevalence of malaria in the five districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa, 2015 - 2017.

机构信息

School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; South African Field Epidemiology Training Programme, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

出版信息

S Afr Med J. 2024 May 9;114(5):e1821. doi: 10.7196/SAMJ.2024.v114i5.1821.

DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2024.v114i5.1821

PMID:39041478

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In South Africa (SA), malaria is endemic in three of nine provinces - KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Limpopo. During 2010 - 2014, SA reported that ~47.6% of all malaria cases were imported. Contemporary estimates for the prevalence of malaria in the five districts of Limpopo Province are limited, with unknown proportions of imported malaria cases. We estimated the prevalence of malaria, and the proportion of imported malaria cases in the five districts of Limpopo, from January 2015 to December 2017.

OBJECTIVE

To measure the prevalence of malaria in Limpopo Province, the proportion of malaria cases that are imported and to determine factors associated with malaria from January 2015 to December 2017.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed data routinely collected through the Malaria Information System and Laboratory Information System of the National Health Laboratory Services, and assessed associations with age, sex and district, using a multivariable logistic regression model.

RESULTS

From 2015 to 2017, a total of 43 199 malaria cases were reported, of which 3.5% (n=1 532) were imported. The prevalence of malaria in Limpopo Province was the highest in 2017, at 331.0 per 100 000 population. The highest malaria prevalence district was Vhembe, with 647.9 in 2015, 220.3 in 2016 and 659.4 in 2017 per 100 000 population. However, Waterberg had the highest proportion of imported malaria cases 28.5% (437/1 532). In adjusted analyses, ages 15 - 49 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48 - 1.68, p<0.001) and <1 year (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.37 - 0.74, p<0.001) were at higher odds of having malaria compared with ages ≥65 years.

CONCLUSION

These findings highlight the significant burden of imported malaria in Limpopo Province. There is a need for strengthened surveillance and control programmes in neighboring countries (such as Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Botswana) to reduce the importation and spread of malaria in this region.

摘要

背景

在南非（SA），有 9 个省份中的 3 个省份（夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省、姆普马兰加省和林波波省）存在疟疾流行。2010 年至 2014 年期间，SA 报告称约 47.6%的疟疾病例为输入性病例。林波波省五个地区的疟疾流行率的当代估计值有限，且输入性疟疾病例的比例未知。我们在 2015 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月期间估计了林波波省的疟疾流行率、输入性疟疾病例比例以及与年龄、性别和地区相关的疟疾流行率。

目的

从 2015 年 1 月至 2017 年 12 月期间，衡量林波波省的疟疾流行率、输入性疟疾病例比例以及与年龄、性别和地区相关的疟疾流行率。

方法

我们通过国家卫生实验室服务的疟疾信息系统和实验室信息系统回顾性地审查了常规收集的数据，并使用多变量逻辑回归模型评估了与年龄、性别和地区的关联。

结果

2015 年至 2017 年期间，共报告了 43199 例疟疾病例，其中 3.5%（n=1532）为输入性病例。林波波省的疟疾流行率在 2017 年最高，为每 100000 人 331.0 例。疟疾流行率最高的地区是 Vhembe，2015 年为 647.9 例，2016 年为 220.3 例，2017 年为 659.4 例。然而，Waterberg 地区输入性疟疾病例比例最高，为 28.5%（437/1532）。在调整分析中，15-49 岁年龄组（调整后的优势比（aOR）1.58，95%置信区间（CI）1.48-1.68，p<0.001）和<1 岁年龄组（aOR 1.55，95% CI 1.37-0.74，p<0.001）与≥65 岁年龄组相比，患疟疾的几率更高。