Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University - Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA.
Zebrafish. 2024 Oct;21(5):338-348. doi: 10.1089/zeb.2024.0139. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
Soybean meal (SBM) has become a common dietary replacement for fish meal (FM) in aquafeed. However, at high inclusions, SBM has been shown to have negative impacts presenting as reduced feed intake and intestinal inflammation. Medicinal plant extracts, namely essential oils, have been used to promote growth performance and immune response. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of oregano () essential oil (OEO) inclusion on utilization of a high-inclusion SBM diet using zebrafish as a model. Five diets were used in this study: reference-FM-based diet, control-55.7% inclusion SBM diet, and three experimental SBM-based diets OEO1, OEO2, and OEO3 that were supplemented with 1%, 2%, or 3% of oregano oil, respectively. The FM group had overall better growth performance when compared with the other treatment groups; however, the OEO3 mean weight and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different from the FM group ( > 0.05) and were significantly improved compared with the SBM group ( < 0.05). Similarly, OEO2 total length was not significantly different from FM ( > 0.05) but significantly higher than the SBM group ( < 0.05). Expression of inflammation-related genes did not significantly differ between the OEO groups and the SBM-only group. However, the OEO2 and OEO3 groups displayed improved growth performance compared with the SBM group, suggesting that inclusion of OEO at or above 2% inclusion may help to alleviate common symptoms induced by a high-inclusion SBM diet.
豆粕（SBM）已成为水产饲料中替代鱼粉（FM）的常用饲料。然而，在高添加量下，SBM 已被证明具有负面影响，表现为采食量降低和肠道炎症。药用植物提取物，即精油，已被用于促进生长性能和免疫反应。本研究的目的是研究牛至（）精油（OEO）添加对利用高含量 SBM 饮食的潜在治疗效果，以斑马鱼为模型。本研究使用了五种饮食：参考-FM 基础饮食、对照-55.7% SBM 饮食和三种实验 SBM 基础饮食 OEO1、OEO2 和 OEO3，分别补充 1%、2%或 3%的牛至油。与其他处理组相比，FM 组的整体生长性能更好；然而，OEO3 平均体重和饲料转化率与 FM 组无显著差异（>0.05），与 SBM 组相比有显著提高（<0.05）。同样，OEO2 全长与 FM 无显著差异（>0.05），但显著高于 SBM 组（<0.05）。炎症相关基因的表达在 OEO 组和仅 SBM 组之间没有显著差异。然而，OEO2 和 OEO3 组的生长性能优于 SBM 组，这表明添加 OEO 至 2%或以上可能有助于缓解高含量 SBM 饮食引起的常见症状。
