Aharony Shapira Shahaf, Shapira Yotam, Markov Jovan, Teza Gianluca, Akerman Nitzan, Raz Oren, Ozeri Roee
Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Phys Rev Lett. 2024 Jul 5;133(1):010403. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.010403.
The Mpemba effect is a counterintuitive phenomena in which a hot system reaches a cold temperature faster than a colder system, under otherwise identical conditions. Here, we propose a quantum analog of the Mpemba effect, on the simplest quantum system, a qubit. Specifically, we show it exhibits an inverse effect, in which a cold qubit reaches a hot temperature faster than a hot qubit. Furthermore, in our system a cold qubit can heat up exponentially faster, manifesting the strong version of the effect. This occurs only for sufficiently coherent systems, making this effect quantum mechanical, i.e., due to interference effects. We experimentally demonstrate our findings on a single ^{88}Sr^{+} trapped ion qubit. The existence of this anomalous relaxation effect in simple quantum systems reveals its fundamentality, and may have a role in designing and operating quantum information processing devices.
姆潘巴效应是一种违反直觉的现象，即在其他条件相同的情况下，热系统比冷系统更快达到低温。在此，我们在最简单的量子系统——一个量子比特上提出了姆潘巴效应的量子类似物。具体而言，我们表明它呈现出一种逆效应，即冷量子比特比热量子比特更快达到高温。此外，在我们的系统中，冷量子比特可以指数级更快地升温，体现出该效应的强版本。这种情况仅在足够相干的系统中发生，使得这种效应具有量子力学性质，即归因于干涉效应。我们在单个囚禁的(^{88}Sr^{+})离子量子比特上通过实验证明了我们的发现。简单量子系统中这种反常弛豫效应的存在揭示了其基础性，并且可能在量子信息处理设备的设计和运行中发挥作用。
