D'Accolti Maria, Soffritti Irene, Bini Francesca, Mazziga Eleonora, Caselli Elisabetta
Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Microb Biotechnol. 2024 Jul;17(7):e14529. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.14529.
Built environments (BEs) currently represent the areas in which human beings spend most of their life. Consistently, microbes populating BEs mostly derive from human occupants and can be easily transferred from BE to occupants. The hospital microbiome is a paradigmatic example, representing a reservoir for harmful pathogens that can be transmitted to susceptible patients, causing the healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Environmental cleaning is a crucial pillar in controlling BE pathogens and preventing related infections, and chemical disinfectants have been largely used so far towards this aim. However, despite their immediate effect, chemical-based disinfection is unable to prevent recontamination, has a high environmental impact, and can select/increase antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in treated microbes. To overcome these limitations, probiotic-based sanitation (PBS) strategies were recently proposed, built on the use of detergents added with selected probiotics able to displace surrounding pathogens by competitive exclusion. PBS was reported as an effective and low-impact alternative to chemical disinfection, providing stable rebalance of the BE microbiome and significantly reducing pathogens and HAIs compared to disinfectants, without exacerbating AMR and pollution concerns. This minireview summarizes the most significant results obtained by applying PBS in sanitary and non-sanitary settings, which overall suggest that PBS may effectively tackle the infectious risk meanwhile preventing the further spread of pathogenic and resistant microbes.
建筑环境（BEs）目前是人类一生中大部分时间所处的区域。相应地，在建筑环境中繁衍的微生物大多源自居住者，并且很容易从建筑环境传播到居住者身上。医院微生物群就是一个典型例子，它是有害病原体的储存库，这些病原体可传播给易感患者，引发医疗相关感染（HAIs）。环境清洁是控制建筑环境病原体和预防相关感染的关键支柱，到目前为止，化学消毒剂在很大程度上被用于这一目的。然而，尽管化学消毒有立竿见影的效果，但它无法防止再次污染，对环境影响很大，并且会在被处理的微生物中选择/增加抗菌耐药性（AMR）。为克服这些局限性，最近提出了基于益生菌的卫生清洁（PBS）策略，该策略基于使用添加了特定益生菌的洗涤剂，这些益生菌能够通过竞争排斥取代周围的病原体。据报道，PBS是一种有效且低影响的化学消毒替代方法，与消毒剂相比，它能使建筑环境微生物群稳定重新平衡，显著减少病原体和HAIs，同时不会加剧对抗菌耐药性和污染的担忧。这篇综述总结了在卫生和非卫生环境中应用PBS所取得的最重要成果，总体表明PBS可能有效地应对感染风险，同时防止致病和耐药微生物的进一步传播。
