China University of Petroleum-Beijing at Karamay, Karamay, PR China.
Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Sep 15;477:135279. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135279. Epub 2024 Jul 20.
The weathering process can cause the volatilization of light components in crude oil, leading to the accumulation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in weathered oil field soils. These TPH compounds are relatively resistant to biodegradation, posing a significant environmental hazard by contributing to soil degradation. TPH represents a complex mixture of petroleum-based hydrocarbons classified as persistent organic pollutants in soil and groundwater. The release of TPH pollutants into the environment poses serious threats to ecosystems and human health. Currently, various methods are available for TPH-contaminated soil remediation, with bioremediation technology recognized as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach. While converting TPH to CO is a common remediation method, the complex structures and diverse types of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) involved can result in excessive CO generation, potentially exacerbating the greenhouse effect. Alternatively, transforming TPH into energy forms like methane through bioremediation, followed by collection and reuse, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. This process relies on the synergistic interaction between Methanogens archaea and syntrophic bacteria, forming a consortium known as the oil-degrading bacterial consortium. Methanogens produce methane through anaerobic digestion (AD), with hydrogenotrophic methanogens (HTMs) utilizing H as an electron donor, playing a crucial role in biomethane production. Candidatus Methanoliparia (Ca. Methanoliparia) was found in the petroleum archaeal community of weathered Oil field in northeast China. Ca. Methanoliparia has demonstrated its independent ability to decompose and produce new energy (biomethane) without symbiosis, contribute to transitioning weathered oil fields towards new energy. Therefore, this review focuses on the principles, mechanisms, and developmental pathways of HTMs during new energy production in the degradation of PHs. It also discusses strategies to enhance TPH degradation and recovery methods.
风化过程会导致原油中轻组分的挥发，从而导致风化油田土壤中石油烃总量（TPH）的积累。这些 TPH 化合物相对难以生物降解，通过导致土壤退化而对环境构成重大危害。TPH 代表了一种复杂的石油基碳氢化合物混合物，在土壤和地下水中被归类为持久性有机污染物。TPH 污染物释放到环境中会对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁。目前，有多种方法可用于修复受 TPH 污染的土壤，生物修复技术被认为是一种环保且经济有效的方法。虽然将 TPH 转化为 CO 是一种常见的修复方法，但涉及的 TPH 结构复杂且石油烃（PHs）类型多样，可能会导致 CO 生成过多，从而可能加剧温室效应。另一方面，通过生物修复将 TPH 转化为甲烷等能源形式，然后收集和再利用，可以减少温室气体排放和能源消耗。这个过程依赖于产甲烷古菌和共营养细菌之间的协同相互作用，形成一个被称为石油降解细菌联合体的联合体。产甲烷菌通过厌氧消化（AD）产生甲烷，氢营养型产甲烷菌（HTMs）利用 H 作为电子供体，在生物甲烷生产中起着至关重要的作用。在中国东北风化油田的石油古菌群落中发现了候选甲醇菌（Ca. Methanoliparia）。Ca. Methanoliparia 已证明其具有独立分解和产生新能源（生物甲烷）的能力，无需共生，有助于将风化油田向新能源转型。因此，本综述重点介绍了 HTMs 在 PHs 降解过程中生产新能源时的原理、机制和发展途径。还讨论了增强 TPH 降解和回收方法的策略。
