Antibiotic delivery in the presence of green AgNPs using multifunctional bilayer carrageenan nanofiber/sodium alginate nanohydrogel for rapid control of wound infections.

This study constructed bilayer nano-hydrogels using solvent casting and electrospinning techniques. The first layer consisted of a hydrogel containing sodium alginate and gellan gum, while the second layer was a carrageenan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membrane. The nanohydrogels were prepared with different doses of doxycycline antibiotic (0.12, 0.06, 0.03 g) and a fixed amount of silver nanoparticles (0.012 g), which were synthesized using the green method including Capparis spinosa leaf extract. The films were tested for their mechanical properties, swelling behavior, XRD, and FTIR, and their morphology was characterized using SEM. The biological properties of the nanohydrogels were also extensively assayed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed peak 111 for silver nanoparticles. Incorporating silver nanoparticles significantly enhanced nanohydrogels' mechanical and antibacterial properties and improved their ability to heal wounds. Nanohydrogels exhibited biodegradability, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory properties (57.63 %), and high cell viability (>85 %) in laboratory conditions. The study confirmed that wound dressings containing doxycycline with controlled release are highly effective against pathogenic bacteria and prevent the formation of biofilms (92 %). The rats in-vivo study demonstrated that 100 % wound closure was achieved in nanohydrogels containing SA/GG/PVA/CAR/AgNPs/DOX0.12 after 14 days. The films could potentially lead to the development of new treatments against bacterial infections and inflammatory conditions of wounds.