Ayira District Livestock and Fisheries Development and Resource Office, Ayira, Oromiya, Ethiopia.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Study, School of Veterinary Medicine, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Vet Med Sci. 2024 Sep;10(5):e1522. doi: 10.1002/vms3.1522.
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral infectious disease that affects young chicks. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to June 2021 to determine seroprevalence and associated risk factors of IBD on backyard chickens of purposively selected three districts of Buno Bedelle Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia.
The study was carried out via a collection of serum samples, questionnaire surveys, and a total of 768 serum samples were collected from randomly selected backyard chickens of the study areas and examined for the presence of IBD virus. These serum samples were processed by using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test procedure in laboratories. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis and descriptive statics techniques were used.
Out of a total serum samples collected, 361 of them were found positive for the disease with an overall seroprevalence of 47%. Different seroprevalence rates of IBD with 55.9%, 43.3% and 41.2% were recorded in Didessa, Chora and Gechi districts, respectively. The result indicated that there was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) of the disease among the three districts. Among the nine Peasant Associations (PAs) observed for seroprevalence of IBD, highest (62.9%) and lowest (34.20%) seroprevalence of the disease was recorded in Yembero and Shengela PAs, respectively. However, IBD was statistically significant in only Shengela PA of Chora district (p = 0.04, OR = 1.93 and 95% CI 1.04-3.58) and Seko PA of Gechi district (p = 0.05, OR = 1.79 and 95% CI 1.01-3.16). Even though sex, breed, age, source and management-based seroprevalence was observed in the present study, the result indicated that there was only statistical significant difference (p = 0.004, OR = 0.62 and 95% CI 0.45-0.86) seen in which higher seroprevalence of IBD was determined in exotic (50.3%) than in local (38.6%) chickens breeds of the study areas.
Generally, higher seroprevalence of IBD in the present study indicates a widely distribution of the disease and one of the potential threats for poultry production in the study areas. So, chicken vaccination and improved management system should be warranted in order to control the disease effectively.
传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是一种影响雏鸡的病毒性传染病。本横断面研究于 2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 6 月在埃塞俄比亚西南部布诺贝雷区的三个指定地区进行，旨在确定后院鸡的 IBD 血清流行率和相关危险因素。
本研究通过采集血清样本、问卷调查进行，共从研究地区的随机后院鸡中采集了 768 份血清样本，并进行 IBD 病毒检测。这些血清样本在实验室中采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测程序进行处理。使用 SPSS 版本 20 进行数据分析，采用描述性统计技术。
在所采集的血清样本中，有 361 份呈 IBD 阳性，总血清阳性率为 47%。在迪德萨、乔拉和盖奇三个区，IBD 的血清阳性率分别为 55.9%、43.3%和 41.2%。结果表明，三个区之间的疾病存在统计学显著差异（p<0.05）。在所观察的 9 个农民协会（PA）中，Yembero 和 Shengela PA 的 IBD 血清阳性率最高（分别为 62.9%和 34.20%），而 Chora 区的 Shengela PA 和 Gechi 区的 Seko PA 的 IBD 血清阳性率最低（分别为 34.20%和 31.20%）。然而，仅在 Chora 区的 Shengela PA（p=0.04，OR=1.93，95%CI 1.04-3.58）和 Gechi 区的 Seko PA（p=0.05，OR=1.79，95%CI 1.01-3.16）中观察到 IBD 与统计学显著相关。尽管本研究观察了基于性别的、基于品种的、基于年龄的、基于来源的和基于管理的血清阳性率，但结果表明，在研究地区，仅观察到统计学显著差异（p=0.004，OR=0.62，95%CI 0.45-0.86），其中，外来（50.3%）鸡种的 IBD 血清阳性率高于本地（38.6%）鸡种。
总体而言，本研究中较高的 IBD 血清阳性率表明该疾病广泛分布，是研究地区家禽生产的潜在威胁之一。因此，应确保对鸡进行疫苗接种和改进管理系统，以有效控制疾病。
