Magwisha H B, Kassuku A A, Kyvsgaard N C, Permin A
Sokoine University of Agriculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, PO Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2002 May;34(3):205-14. doi: 10.1023/a:1015278524559.
Matched samples of 100 chickens of each of growers and adult rural free-range chickens in Morogoro, Tanzania, were purchased from the beginning to the end of the long rainy season. At necropsy, the trachea, the gastrointestinal tract and the oviduct were examined for helminth infections. The helminth species isolated comprised 18 nematodes and 8 cestodes but no trematodes. Tetrameres fissispina is a new record in Tanzania. All the chickens harboured at least three different helminth species. Growers contained 4-14 and adults 3-12 helminth species. The number of species isolated per chicken increased as the rainy season advanced. The prevalence of the following species were significantly higher in growers than in adults (p < 0.05); Ascaridia galli (69% of growers, 29% of adults); Syngamus trachea (14%, 3%); Tetrameres americana (94%, 82%); Trichostrongylus tenuis (43%, 7%); Choanotaenia infundibulum (15%, 6%); Davainea proglottina (9%, 2%); and Raillietina tetragona (36%, 21%). Allodapa suctoria (3%, 20%) and Capillaria annulata (1%, 10%) had a significantly lower prevalence in growers than in adults (p < 0.05). There were significantly higher worm burdens (p < 0.05) in growers than in adults for A. galli, Capillaria caudinflata, R. tetragona, S. trachea, T. americana, T. fissispina and T. tenuis. Conversely, A. suctoria and C. annulata showed significantly higher worm burdens in adults (p < 0.05). The sex of the chickens influenced the burdens of Heterakis brevispiculum (p < 0.05). There was an interaction effect such that growing males and adult females had statistically higher (p < 0.05) burdens of T. tenuis and A. suctoria, respectively.
在坦桑尼亚的莫罗戈罗，从长雨季开始到结束，采购了100只生长鸡和100只成年农村散养鸡作为配对样本。尸检时，检查气管、胃肠道和输卵管是否有蠕虫感染。分离出的蠕虫种类包括18种线虫和8种绦虫，但没有吸虫。四分棘四棱线虫是坦桑尼亚的新记录。所有鸡至少感染了三种不同的蠕虫种类。生长鸡感染4 - 14种蠕虫，成年鸡感染3 - 12种蠕虫。随着雨季推进，每只鸡分离出的蠕虫种类数量增加。以下蠕虫种类在生长鸡中的感染率显著高于成年鸡（p < 0.05）：鸡蛔虫（生长鸡中为69%，成年鸡中为29%）；气管比翼线虫（14%，3%）；美洲四棱线虫（94%，82%）；纤细毛圆线虫（43%，7%）；漏斗冠绦虫（15%，6%）；前殖绦虫（9%，2%）；和四角赖利绦虫（36%，21%）。吸吮异蚤蝇（3%，20%）和环纹毛细线虫（1%，10%）在生长鸡中的感染率显著低于成年鸡（p < 0.05）。对于鸡蛔虫、尾端毛细线虫、四角赖利绦虫、气管比翼线虫、美洲四棱线虫、四分棘四棱线虫和纤细毛圆线虫，生长鸡的蠕虫负荷显著高于成年鸡（p < 0.05）。相反，吸吮异蚤蝇和环纹毛细线虫在成年鸡中的蠕虫负荷显著更高（p < 0.05）。鸡的性别影响短刺异刺线虫的负荷（p < 0.05）。存在交互作用，即生长中的雄性和成年雌性分别在统计学上具有更高的纤细毛圆线虫和吸吮异蚤蝇负荷（p < 0.05）。
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