Oncogenic Roles of UHRF1 in Cancer.

Ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1) is an essential protein involved in the maintenance of repressive epigenetic marks, ensuring epigenetic stability and fidelity. As an epigenetic regulator, UHRF1 comprises several functional domains (UBL, TTD, PHD, SRA, RING) that are collectively responsible for processes like DNA methylation, histone modification, and DNA repair. UHRF1 is a downstream effector of the RB/E2F pathway, which is nearly universally deregulated in cancer. Under physiological conditions, UHRF1 protein levels are cell cycle-dependent and are post-translationally regulated by proteasomal degradation. Conversely, UHRF1 is overexpressed and serves as an oncogenic driver in multiple cancers. This review focuses on the functional domains of UHRF1, highlighting its key interacting proteins and oncogenic roles in solid tumors including retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies targeting UHRF1 domains or its interactors are explored, providing an insight on potential clinical applications.