Vogel Monique, Engeroff Paul
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hosptial of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Antibodies (Basel). 2024 Jul 16;13(3):58. doi: 10.3390/antib13030058.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a critical role for the immune system, fighting against parasites, toxins, and cancer. However, when it reacts to allergens without proper regulation, it can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, through a process initiated by effector cells such as basophils and mast cells. These cells display IgE on their surface, bound to the high-affinity IgE receptor FcεRI. A cross-linking antigen then triggers degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators from the cells. Therapeutic monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies such as omalizumab, disrupt this process and are used to manage IgE-related conditions such as severe allergic asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Interestingly, naturally occurring anti-IgE autoantibodies circulate at surprisingly high levels in healthy humans and mice and may thus be instrumental in regulating IgE activity. Although many open questions remain, recent studies have shed new light on their role as IgE regulators and their mechanism of action. Here, we summarize the latest insights on natural anti-IgE autoantibodies, and we compare their functional features to therapeutic monoclonal anti-IgE autoantibodies.
免疫球蛋白E（IgE）在免疫系统中发挥关键作用，对抗寄生虫、毒素和癌症。然而，当它在没有适当调节的情况下对过敏原作出反应时，会通过嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞等效应细胞启动的过程引发过敏反应，包括过敏反应。这些细胞在其表面展示IgE，其与高亲和力IgE受体FcεRI结合。然后，交联抗原触发细胞脱颗粒并释放炎症介质。治疗性单克隆抗IgE抗体，如奥马珠单抗，会破坏这一过程，并用于治疗与IgE相关的疾病，如重度过敏性哮喘和慢性自发性荨麻疹。有趣的是，天然存在的抗IgE自身抗体在健康人类和小鼠体内以惊人的高水平循环，因此可能有助于调节IgE活性。尽管仍有许多未解决的问题，但最近的研究为它们作为IgE调节剂的作用及其作用机制提供了新的线索。在这里，我们总结了关于天然抗IgE自身抗体的最新见解，并将它们的功能特征与治疗性单克隆抗IgE自身抗体进行了比较。
