Holis Renata Vesela, Elenjord Renate, Lehnbom Elin Christina, Andersen Sigrid, Fagerli Marie, Johnsgård Tine, Zahl-Holmstad Birgitte, Svendsen Kristian, Waaseth Marit, Skjold Frode, Garcia Beate Hennie
Hospital Pharmacy of North Norway Trust, 9291 Tromso, Norway.
Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromso, Norway.
Pharmacy (Basel). 2024 Jul 9;12(4):106. doi: 10.3390/pharmacy12040106.
Emergency departments (EDs) handle urgent medical needs for a diverse population. Medication errors and adverse drug events pose safety risks in the ED. Clinical pharmacists, experts in medication use, play a crucial role in identifying and optimizing medication therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate how clinical pharmacists introduced into the ED interdisciplinary teams distribute their work time. In a time and motion study, we used the Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT) to observe pharmacists in two Norwegian EDs. The pragmatic approach allowed pharmacists to adapt to ED personnel and patient needs. The pharmacists spent 41.8% of their work time on medication-related tasks, especially those linked to medication reconciliation, including documenting medication-related issues (16.2%), reading and retrieving written information (9.6%), and obtaining oral information about medication use from patients (9.5%). The remaining time was spent on non-medication-related tasks (41.8%), and on standby and movement (17.4%). In conclusion, ED pharmacists spent 42% of their work time on medication-related tasks, predominantly medication reconciliation. Their relatively new role in the interdisciplinary team may have limited their broader clinical impact. Relative to other ED healthcare professionals, ED pharmacists' goal remains to ensure accurate patient medication lists and appropriate medication use.
急诊科（EDs）负责处理不同人群的紧急医疗需求。用药错误和药物不良事件在急诊科构成安全风险。临床药师作为用药方面的专家，在识别和优化药物治疗中发挥着关键作用。本研究的目的是调查引入急诊科跨学科团队的临床药师如何分配他们的工作时间。在一项时间与动作研究中，我们使用活动计时工作观察法（WOMBAT）对挪威两家急诊科的药师进行观察。这种务实的方法使药师能够适应急诊科人员和患者的需求。药师将41.8%的工作时间用于与药物相关的任务，尤其是那些与用药核对相关的任务，包括记录与药物相关的问题（16.2%）、阅读和检索书面信息（9.6%）以及从患者那里获取关于用药的口头信息（9.5%）。其余时间用于与药物无关的任务（41.8%）以及待命和走动（17.4%）。总之，急诊科药师将42%的工作时间用于与药物相关的任务，主要是用药核对。他们在跨学科团队中相对较新的角色可能限制了他们更广泛的临床影响。相对于其他急诊科医疗专业人员，急诊科药师的目标仍然是确保准确的患者用药清单和适当的药物使用。
