An exploratory analysis of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease risk calculations in veterans with spinal cord injury and disorders.

OBJECTIVES

(1) To describe and compare cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease risk scores using three existing risk calculators: Framingham Risk Score (FRS), American Heart Association (AHA) and Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MSSS) in Veterans with spinal cord injury and disorders (SCI/D); (2) To examine level of agreement between risk scores derived from three different risk scoring systems; and (3) To investigate whether the agreement among these methods is different for Veterans with Tetraplegia versus Paraplegia.

DESIGN

Retrospective chart review.

METHODS

Electronic medical records of 194 Veterans with SCI/D who were seen at the VAPAHCS SCI/D Center between August 2004 and June 2022 were reviewed. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores (FRS and AHA) along with a Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score (MSSS) were computed using web-based calculators.

RESULTS

Moderate agreement between CVD risk scores (FRS and AHA) was observed; however, the agreement was poor between MSSS and both AHA and FRS. No differences were observed between the paraplegia and tetraplegia cohorts. From the AHA risk score, more than half the study population was found to be at high risk while less than half was considered high risk from the FRS and MSSS scores.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the moderate association between AHA and FRS scores along with considerable variation in risk predictors, CVD risk prediction assessment tools should be interpreted cautiously in the SCI population. SCI-related clinical biomarkers and other clinically relevant risk factors should be taken into consideration to optimize risk estimation in persons with SCI/D.