Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar, 249404, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Environmental Science, BFIT Group of Institution, Suddhowala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Jul 25;196(8):763. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12914-6.
The soil, comprising minerals, organic matter, and living organisms, serves as a critical component of our environment. However, anthropogenic activities, such as uncontrolled sewage disposal and industrial waste, have led to pervasive soil pollution, impacting ecosystems and human health. This comprehensive study scrutinizes the intricate dynamics of soil pollution resulting from open waste dumping, specifically examining its impact on the health of local communities and the environment in Haridwar municipality. In this study, four solid waste dumping sites were meticulously surveyed, with soil samples analyzed for 19 parameters through statistical tools like one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis tests, soil pollution indices, and potential health risk assessment. The Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo) and contamination factor (CF) followed the heavy metals in the order of Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu in all selected sites. Additionally, a potential health risk assessment considered ingestion, inhalation, and dermal exposure pathways, revealing a high non-carcinogenic risk of metals (Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu) for both children and adults. In the ingestion pathway, the hazard quotient indicated a high risk of metals for both children and adults in the range of 1192.73 to 2066.94 for child and 191.98 to 312.16 for adults. Crucially, the HQ revealed potential health risks, emphasizing the urgency of addressing metal contamination. However, the findings indicate that dumping sites directly or indirectly affects the local people of Haridwar municipality. Therefore, this study provides a baseline framework for minimizing the impact of dumping sites on local population and the environment.
土壤由矿物质、有机物和生物组成，是我们环境的重要组成部分。然而，人类活动，如污水的无控制排放和工业废物，导致了普遍的土壤污染，影响了生态系统和人类健康。这项综合研究深入探讨了开放废物倾倒导致的土壤污染的复杂动态，特别是研究了其对哈里瓦尔市政府所在地社区和环境健康的影响。在这项研究中，对四个固体废物倾倒场进行了仔细调查，通过单因素方差分析、克朗巴赫-阿尔法系数、土壤污染指数和潜在健康风险评估等统计工具，对土壤样本进行了 19 个参数的分析。在所有选定的地点，重金属的地积累指数（Igeo）和污染系数（CF）遵循 Zn>Mn>Fe>Cu 的顺序。此外，潜在的健康风险评估考虑了摄入、吸入和皮肤暴露途径，揭示了金属（Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu）对儿童和成人的非致癌风险很高。在摄入途径中，危害商数表明，儿童和成人的金属风险都很高，儿童的范围为 1192.73 至 2066.94，成人的范围为 191.98 至 312.16。至关重要的是，HQ 揭示了潜在的健康风险，强调了应对金属污染的紧迫性。然而，这些发现表明，倾倒场直接或间接地影响了哈里瓦尔市政府所在地的当地人民。因此，本研究为减少倾倒场对当地人口和环境的影响提供了一个基准框架。
