Farchi Moshe Uriel, Bathish Lorin, Hayut Naomi, Alexander Shaked, Gidron Yori
Department of Social Work, Research Center for Innovation in Social Work, Tel-Hai Academic College.
Department of Nursing, University of Haifa.
Psychol Trauma. 2025 May;17(4):897-903. doi: 10.1037/tra0001724. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
The SIX Cs model, a neuropsychological framework for psychological first aid, addresses acute stress responses that may lead to functional failure and heighten the risk for posttraumatic stress disorder. Unlike emotional interventions, this model prioritizes Cognitive Communication to diminish emotional overwhelm and bolster cognitive functioning. It introduces a Challenge for active engagement, Control for cognitive management of situations, Commitment from the helper to reduce loneliness, and Continuity to ensure narrative coherence. This study evaluates the SIX Cs model's effectiveness in an experimental setup to alleviate acute stress reaction symptoms.
Sixty-three participants voluntarily participated. They were randomly assigned to the SIX Cs intervention (experimental) or to supportive emotional expression (control). They listened to a 3-min audio recording of a real emergency 911 phone call. Interventions were provided before and after listening to the recording. Before, immediately after, and 5 min later (recovery), participants' anxiety, heart rate variability, and mental resilience levels were measured.
For all three outcomes, the Time × Group interactions were statistically significant. Follow-up analyses revealed that the SIX Cs participants showed lower anxiety and less reductions in heart rate variability and resilience than controls immediately after the stressor. Furthermore, the SIX Cs participants recovered faster on all three outcomes compared to controls.
The results demonstrate the superior effect of the psychological first aid based SIX C's protocol over control in all outcomes, immediately after a simulated stressor and 7 min later as well as possible contribution for posttraumatic stress disorder risk reduction. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
六C模型是心理急救的一种神经心理学框架，用于应对可能导致功能衰竭并增加创伤后应激障碍风险的急性应激反应。与情感干预不同，该模型将认知沟通置于优先地位，以减轻情绪上的不知所措并增强认知功能。它引入了挑战以促进积极参与、控制以对情况进行认知管理、承诺以减少孤独感以及连续性以确保叙述的连贯性。本研究在实验环境中评估六C模型在减轻急性应激反应症状方面的有效性。
63名参与者自愿参与。他们被随机分配到六C干预组（实验组）或支持性情感表达组（对照组）。他们收听了一段3分钟的真实911紧急电话录音。在收听录音前后进行干预。在收听前、收听后立即以及5分钟后（恢复阶段），测量参与者的焦虑、心率变异性和心理复原力水平。
对于所有三个结果，时间×组间交互作用具有统计学意义。后续分析表明，在应激源出现后立即测量，六C组参与者的焦虑程度较低，心率变异性和复原力的下降幅度也小于对照组。此外，与对照组相比，六C组参与者在所有三个结果上恢复得更快。
结果表明，基于心理急救的六C方案在所有结果上均优于对照组，无论是在模拟应激源后立即测量，还是在7分钟后测量，并且可能有助于降低创伤后应激障碍的风险。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2025美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
