Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Comunidad Valenciana, España.
Grupo investigación Salud Pública, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Comunidad Valenciana, España.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 25;19(7):e0306471. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306471. eCollection 2024.
To explore the food insecurity experienced by the Roma population of the Valencian Community (Spain) and the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown.
Quantitative, cross-sectional exploratory study using a questionnaire that collected information on socioeconomic status and situations of food insecurity experienced before and during lockdown, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. The questionnaire was applied by health workers from the Roma community with people over 18 years of age. A descriptive analysis was carried out stratifying by sex, calculating Chi-square test to identify differences in the variables of the experiences of food insecurity.
468 people participated (57.1% women/42.9% men) who expressed: worry about a lack of food (67.3%); eating the same type of food (37.2%); not being able to eat healthy foods (34.4%); feeling hungry and not being able to eat (9.6%). Around 2.1 percent stated that they could not eat for a whole day, and 65 percent reported that they had to ask for or provide help to be able to eat. When stratifying by sex, it was found that women had more experiences of food insecurity. Except in the case of having stopped eating for a full day, where the percentage remained constant, an increase was observed in the other experiences of food insecurity during lockdown.
A large part of the Roma population studied, especially women, experienced situations of food insecurity before COVID-19 that were aggravated during lockdown. This situation was compensated for by community support networks.
探讨西班牙瓦伦西亚社区（西班牙）罗姆人经历的粮食不安全状况以及 COVID-19 封锁的影响。
使用问卷进行定量、横断面探索性研究，该问卷收集了社会经济地位信息以及封锁前和封锁期间经历的粮食不安全情况，依据联合国粮食及农业组织粮食不安全经验量表。由罗姆社区的卫生工作者对 18 岁以上的人应用该问卷。对性别进行分层描述性分析，计算卡方检验以确定粮食不安全经验变量的差异。
有 468 人（57.1%女性/42.9%男性）参与了调查，他们表示：担心食物短缺（67.3%）；食用同一种食物（37.2%）；无法食用健康食品（34.4%）；感到饥饿但无法进食（9.6%）。大约 2.1%的人表示他们一整天都不能进食，65%的人报告说他们不得不求助或提供帮助才能进食。按性别分层，发现女性经历的粮食不安全情况更多。除了完全禁食的比例保持不变外，在封锁期间，其他粮食不安全情况的发生率都有所增加。
研究中很大一部分罗姆人，尤其是女性，在 COVID-19 之前就经历了粮食不安全状况，在封锁期间这种情况更加严重。这种情况得到了社区支持网络的补偿。
