Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
École de Nutrition, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Apr 6;113(4):984-992. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa363.
The impact that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related early lockdown has had on dietary habits of the population and on food insecurity is unknown.
The aim of this study was to document the change in diet quality and in food insecurity observed during the COVID-19-related early lockdown. We hypothesized that the lockdown was associated with a deterioration in overall diet quality and an increase in food insecurity.
Data are from a COVID-19 subsample of NutriQuébec, a web-based cohort destined to study temporal changes in dietary habits among adults in Quebec, Canada. Participants completed questionnaires before (between June 2019 and February 2020) and during (April to May 2020) early lockdown, including a validated web-based 24-h recall (n = 853) and a questionnaire on food security (n = 922). Primary study outcomes were temporal changes in diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and in the prevalence of food insecurity.
There was a small increase in the HEI-2015 during the COVID-19 early lockdown compared with baseline (+1.1 points; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.5), mostly due to small improvements in the intakes of whole grains, greens and beans, refined grains, total vegetables, total dairy, seafood and plant proteins, added sugar, and total protein subscores of the HEI-2015. Exploratory analyses suggested that individuals aged 18-29 y (+3.6 points; 95% CI: 2.4, 4.7), participants with lower education (+1.9 points; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.6), or with obesity (+3.8 points; 95% CI: 2.7, 4.8) showed particularly important increases in the HEI-2015. The prevalence of food insecurity was reduced from 3.8% at baseline to 1.0% during the early lockdown (prevalence ratio = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.94).
Contrary to our hypotheses, diet quality has slightly improved and prevalence of food insecurity was reduced in this sample of adults from Quebec during the COVID-19-related early lockdown. These results may be generalizable only to relatively healthy populations.
新冠病毒病 2019（COVID-19）相关早期封锁对人群饮食习惯和粮食不安全的影响尚不清楚。
本研究旨在记录 COVID-19 相关早期封锁期间观察到的饮食质量变化和粮食不安全情况。我们假设封锁与整体饮食质量恶化和粮食不安全增加有关。
数据来自 NutriQuébec 的 COVID-19 子样本，这是一个基于网络的队列，旨在研究加拿大魁北克省成年人饮食习惯的时间变化。参与者在早期封锁之前（2019 年 6 月至 2020 年 2 月之间）和期间（2020 年 4 月至 5 月）完成了问卷，包括经过验证的基于网络的 24 小时回忆（n=853）和粮食安全问卷（n=922）。主要研究结果是通过健康饮食指数（HEI）-2015 测量的饮食质量的时间变化和粮食不安全的流行率。
与基线相比，COVID-19 早期封锁期间 HEI-2015 略有增加（增加 1.1 分；95%置信区间：0.6，1.5），主要是由于全谷物、绿叶蔬菜和豆类、精制谷物、全蔬菜、全乳制品、海鲜和植物蛋白质、添加糖和总蛋白质亚评分的摄入量略有改善。探索性分析表明，18-29 岁的个体（增加 3.6 分；95%置信区间：2.4，4.7）、受教育程度较低的个体（增加 1.9 分；95%置信区间：1.3，2.6）或肥胖个体（增加 3.8 分；95%置信区间：2.7，4.8）的 HEI-2015 增加尤其明显。粮食不安全的患病率从基线时的 3.8%降至早期封锁期间的 1.0%（流行率比=0.27；95%置信区间：0.08，0.94）。
与我们的假设相反，在 COVID-19 相关的早期封锁期间，魁北克省的成年人样本中，饮食质量略有改善，粮食不安全的患病率降低。这些结果可能仅适用于相对健康的人群。
