Assistant Professor of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Lecturer of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt.
Geriatr Nurs. 2024 Sep-Oct;59:234-242. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.07.008. Epub 2024 Jul 24.
With the global population of older individuals increasing rapidly, it is important to understand the factors contributing to their well-being. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between older adults' time perspective and their experiences of happiness and optimism.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a substantial sample size of 300 older adults from January to March 2023. The study utilized reliable and validated measures, including the Short Version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and the Arabic Scales of Happiness, Optimism, and Pessimism.
The study found that older adults with a negative view of the past (PN perspective) had lower levels of happiness (r=-0.374, p<0.01), while those with a hedonistic view of the present (PH perspective) had higher levels of happiness (r=0.266, p<0.01). Additionally, a fatalistic view of the present (PF perspective) was associated with lower levels of happiness (r=-0.178, p<0.05) and optimism (r=-0.168, p<0.05). Negative views of the future (FN perspective) were correlated with lower happiness levels (r=-0.546, p<0.01), while positive views of the future (FP perspective) were associated with higher levels of optimism (r=0.432, p<0.01).
Older adults with a balanced time perspective, marked by positive and negative views of the past and an optimistic outlook on the future, reported moderate happiness and optimism. Older adults with a negative view of the past and a fatalistic view of the present tend to have lower levels of happiness and optimism. On the other hand, those who have a hedonistic view of the present and a positive view of the future tend to have higher levels of happiness and optimism. Older adults with a pessimistic outlook toward past experiences or the future may require additional emotional support and targeted interventions to foster a more positive mindset.
随着全球老年人口的快速增长，了解影响他们幸福感的因素变得尤为重要。本研究旨在探讨老年人的时间观念与幸福感和乐观感之间的关系。
2023 年 1 月至 3 月期间，对 300 名老年人进行了横断面调查。研究采用了可靠和有效的测量工具，包括时间观念量表简表和阿拉伯幸福感、乐观感和悲观感量表。
研究发现，过去消极时间观（PN 视角）的老年人幸福感水平较低（r=-0.374，p<0.01），而现在享乐主义时间观（PH 视角）的老年人幸福感水平较高（r=0.266，p<0.01）。此外，现在宿命论时间观（PF 视角）与较低的幸福感（r=-0.178，p<0.05）和乐观感（r=-0.168，p<0.05）相关。未来消极时间观（FN 视角）与较低的幸福感水平相关（r=-0.546，p<0.01），而未来积极时间观（FP 视角）与较高的乐观感水平相关（r=0.432，p<0.01）。
具有过去和未来积极、消极时间观，以及对未来乐观态度的平衡时间观的老年人报告了中等水平的幸福感和乐观感。过去消极和现在宿命论时间观的老年人往往幸福感和乐观感水平较低。另一方面，那些现在享乐主义和未来积极时间观的老年人往往幸福感和乐观感水平较高。对过去经历或未来持悲观态度的老年人可能需要额外的情感支持和有针对性的干预措施，以培养更积极的心态。
