School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Nov 1;360:124599. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124599. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
The disorderly discharge of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals has caused serious water pollution and ecological environmental risks, ultimately threatening human life and health. Biological treatment methods have obvious advantages, but the existing microorganisms exhibit issues such as poor resistance, adaptability, colonization ability, and low activity. However, a wide variety of microorganisms in deep-sea hydrothermal vent areas are tolerant to heavy metals, possessing the potential for efficient treatment of heavy metal wastewater. Based on this, the study obtained a group of deep-sea microbial communities dominated by Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia through shake flask experiments from the sediments of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, which can simultaneously achieve the synchronous removal of vanadium and cadmium heavy metals through bioreduction, biosorption, and biomineralization. Through SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS, and FT-IR analyses, it was found that V(V) was reduced to V(IV) through a reduction process and subsequently precipitated. Glucose oxidation accelerated this process. Cd(II) underwent biomineralization to form precipitates such as cadmium hydroxide and cadmium carbonate. Functional groups on the microbial cell surface, such as -CH2, C=O, N-H, -COOH, phosphate groups, amino groups, and M-O moieties, participated in the bioadsorption processes of V(V) and Cd(II) heavy metals. Under optimal conditions, namely a temperature of 40 °C, pH value of 7.5, inoculation amount of 10%, salinity of 4%, COD concentration of 600 mg/L, V concentration of 300 mg/L, and Cd concentration of 40 mg/L, the OD can reach its highest at 72 h, with the removal efficiency of V, Cd, and COD in simulated vanadium smelting wastewater reaching 86.32%, 59.13%, and 61.63%, respectively. This study provides theoretical insights and practical evidence for understanding the dynamic changes in microbial community structure under heavy metal stress, as well as the resistance mechanisms of microbial treatment of industrial heavy metal wastewater.
工业废水无序排放含重金属，造成严重水污染和生态环境风险，最终威胁人类生命健康。生物处理方法具有明显优势，但现有微生物存在抗性差、适应性差、定植能力差、活性低等问题。然而，深海热液喷口区的微生物种类繁多，对重金属具有耐受性，具有高效处理重金属废水的潜力。基于此，本研究通过摇瓶实验从深海热液喷口沉积物中获得了一组以伯克霍尔德菌-卡巴利奥尼亚菌-类伯克霍尔德菌为主导的深海微生物群落，通过生物还原、生物吸附和生物矿化作用，可同时实现钒和镉重金属的同步去除。通过 SEM-EDS、XRD、XPS 和 FT-IR 分析发现，V(V) 通过还原过程被还原为 V(IV)，随后沉淀。葡萄糖氧化加速了这一过程。Cd(II) 发生生物矿化，形成氢氧化镉和碳酸镉等沉淀物。微生物细胞表面的功能基团，如-CH2、C=O、N-H、-COOH、磷酸基团、氨基和 M-O 基团，参与了 V(V) 和 Cd(II) 重金属的生物吸附过程。在最佳条件下，即温度为 40°C、pH 值为 7.5、接种量为 10%、盐度为 4%、COD 浓度为 600mg/L、V 浓度为 300mg/L、Cd 浓度为 40mg/L，72h 时 OD 值达到最高，模拟钒冶炼废水中 V、Cd 和 COD 的去除率分别达到 86.32%、59.13%和 61.63%。本研究为理解重金属胁迫下微生物群落结构的动态变化以及微生物处理工业重金属废水的抗性机制提供了理论见解和实践依据。
