Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeerster Oudlaan 55, 3062 PA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Biol Psychol. 2024 Oct;192:108849. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108849. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
Choice impulsivity can be measured by offering a sequence of various binary choices between smaller, immediately available rewards and larger, later available rewards. An individual's delay discount (DD) rate reflects the aggregate decision-making tendency. Given the broad spectrum of disorders associated with a high DD rate, this may be an important transdiagnostic factor. This study aimed to establish whether post-decisional neurophysiological processes reflecting the presence of error monitoring are involved in delay discounting. A large sample (N = 97) was investigated, including 46 females and 51 males. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during the classic monetary choice questionnaire (MCQ-27). Error-related event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs) following responses were analyzed. A modest relationship between error positivity (Pe) and DD rate was seen centro-parietal, with higher amplitude for low DD individuals after choosing immediate rewards. A robust association was found between DD rate and theta oscillation power increases. This was most prominent in low DD individuals after making an immediate reward choice. Theta power was positively associated with decision (reaction) time, suggesting an association between pre- and post-decisional conflict. No evidence was found for an error-related negativity (ERN) and delta oscillations. This study provides clear evidence for conflict monitoring as a post-decision process in delay discounting. Findings suggest that diminished theta band power bursts and lower Pe amplitude, observed after choosing an immediate reward, reflect the neurophysiological consequence and possibly the cause of steep delay discounting. High DD was characterized by prefrontal hypoactivation and appears to result from affective decision-making.
选择冲动性可以通过提供一系列较小的、立即可得的奖励和较大的、较晚可得的奖励之间的各种二元选择来衡量。个体的延迟折扣（DD）率反映了总体决策倾向。鉴于与高 DD 率相关的广泛障碍，这可能是一个重要的跨诊断因素。本研究旨在确定反映存在错误监测的决策后神经生理过程是否参与延迟折扣。
研究调查了一个大样本（N=97），包括 46 名女性和 51 名男性。在经典货币选择问卷（MCQ-27）期间记录脑电图（EEG）。分析了反应后的错误相关事件相关电位（ERPs）和事件相关振荡（EROs）。在中央顶叶区观察到错误正性（Pe）与 DD 率之间存在适度关系，选择即时奖励后低 DD 个体的振幅更高。在选择即时奖励后，DD 率与θ振荡功率增加之间存在很强的关联。在低 DD 个体中最为明显。θ功率与决策（反应）时间呈正相关，表明预决策和后决策冲突之间存在关联。没有发现与错误相关负性（ERN）和δ振荡相关的证据。
本研究为延迟折扣中的冲突监测作为决策后过程提供了明确的证据。研究结果表明，在选择即时奖励后观察到的θ波段功率爆发减少和 Pe 振幅降低，反映了神经生理后果，可能是陡峭延迟折扣的原因。高 DD 的特点是前额叶低激活，似乎是情感决策的结果。
